中国2014年中小学生耐力素质现状及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解2014年我国11～18岁中小学生耐力素质现状,并探讨影响学生耐力素质的主要因素.方法 利用2014年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,选取耐力跑与调查问卷资料完整的11～18岁中小学生共142 708人.按照《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》的界值点判定耐力跑成绩是否及格.采用x2检验比较不同年龄、性别、城乡和行为习惯间学生的耐力跑不及格率的差异,同时采用log-binomial回归模型分析中小学生耐力素质的影响因素.结果 142 708名研究对象中,耐力跑不及格30 867人,不及格率为21.6％.其中男生不及格率为23.7％,显著高于女生(19.6％),x2=347.73,P＜0.05;城市学生不及格率为24.8％,显著高于乡村学生(18.4％),x2=855.29,P＜0.05.学生耐力跑不及格率有随年龄增加而上升的趋势.学生体育课时不充足(OR=1.13,95％CI:1.11～ 1.15)、每天不吃早餐(OR=1.22,95％CI:1.20～ 1.25)、每天锻炼时间＜1h(OR=1.44,95％CI:1.40～1.48)、每天看屏幕时间＞2 h(OR=1.16,95％CI:1.14～1.19)和超重/肥胖(OR=1.90,95％CI:1.86 ～ 1.95)可能是学生耐力素质不及格的危险因素.结论 我国中小学生耐力素质现状不容乐观,性别、城乡、体育课、每天写作业时间、早餐、睡眠、每天锻炼时间和营养状况等因素可能是中小学生耐力素质的影响因素.%Objective To understand the physical endurance level of primary and middle school students in China in 2014,and identify the factors influencing students' physical endurance.Methods Data were collected from "National School Student Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance in 2014",a total of 142 708 primary and middle school students with complete information were included in the analysis.The age,gender and area specific failure rates of endurance running of students were analyzed,the differences were analyzed with x2 test,and the factors influencing students' physical endurance were identified with log-binomial regression model.Results Among the 142 708 students,the failure rate of endurance running was 21.6％ (30 867/142 708).The failure rate was 23.7％ (16 891/71 388) in boys and 19.6％ (13 976/71 320) in girls (x2=347.73,P＜0.05).And it was 24.8％ in students in urban area (17 713/71 378),higher than that in students in rural area (18.4％,13 154/71 330) (x2=855.29,P＜0.05).The failure rate of endurance running showed an upward trend with age.Insufficient physical education class hour (OR=1.13,95％CI:1.11-1.15),not taking breakfast daily (OR=1.22,95％ CI:1.20-1.25),daily physical exercise time ＜ 1 hour (OR=1.44,95％CI:1.40-1.48),the screen watching time ＞2 hours (OR=1.16,95％CI:1.14-1.19) and overweight or obesity (OR=1.90,95％ CI:1.86-1.95) might be the risk factors for the failure of physical endurance.Conclusion The physical endurance of primary and secondary students in China was not optimistic,and the factors influencing their physical endurance included gender,living area,physical education class time,daily homework time,breakfast,daily exercise time and nutrition status.