目的 明确2005-2015年我国黑热病流行病学特征,为当前黑热病防治提供参考数据.方法 以中国CDC传染病报告信息管理系统报告的黑热病病例为基础,描述和分析2005-2015年我国黑热病三间分布及不同类型的黑热病分布特点.结果 2005-2015年我国黑热病在中西部地区持续流行,流行范围较为集中,新疆两次出现暴发疫情,四川、甘肃省有下降趋势.报告病例主要分布在新疆、甘肃和四川省(自治区),3个省份的报告病例数占全国报告病例总数的95.29％,且报告病例集中在3省份少数县(市).发病主高峰期为10-11月,4月为发病小高峰.野生动物源型与犬源型、人源型黑热病病例年龄分布明显不同,野生动物源型病例主要为3岁以下儿童,发病年龄高峰为1岁以内婴幼儿,人源型与犬源型病例主要为10岁以下儿童,发病高峰为5岁年龄组儿童.结论 近年来黑热病在我国中西部地区呈持续性、区域性流行,不同类型黑热病发病特点不同,应进一步研究其流行规律,针对不同区域的流行特点加强黑热病防治工作,控制其暴发流行.%Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China from 2005 to 2015,to provide evidence for the development of related control and measurement strategies.Methods Data was obtained from Disease Reporting Information System of China CDC,to compare factors on type,distribution,peak season and the age of onset of the cases.Results Epidemic of Kala-azar had been persistent in China.Number of the reported cases declined in Sichuan and Gansu provinces but two outbreaks had occurred in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.The epidemic was confined in few areas.The reported cases were mainly from Xinjiang,Gansu and Sichuan,with the total cases in these three provinces accounted for 95.29％ of all the cases seen in the country.The main peak season was from October to November,followed by April.There were significant differences seen in the age distributions of canine Kala-azar,anthroponotic Kala-azar and wildlife-oriented Kala-azar (P＜0.05) cases.Majority of the cases involved under 3-year-olds,with peak age in under 1-year-olds for wildlife-oriented Kala-azar.For anthroponotic and canine Kala-azar cases,most of them were seen among the under 10 years old,with the peak among the 5-year-olds.Conclusions In recent years,Kala-azar had been seen endemic and persistent,in the mid-west regions of China,but with different epidemiological characteristics.Further study on Kala-azar should be carried on to include appropriate measurements and strategies,according to the features of the disease,in the mid-western areas of China.
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