我国环境信息公开现状、问题与对策

摘要

环境信息公开是一项基础性、全局性工作。它不仅是公众参与环境保护的前提条件，也是推进我国环境管理工作全方位提升的重要手段。我国环境信息公开工作近年来进展迅速，但仍存在关键性环境信息严重缺失等现象，不仅无法满足社会及政府环境管理工作的需要，有时甚至会影响到社会稳定。本文从政府、企业、社会的不同层面和不同角度分析了我国环境信息公开存在的问题及其产生原因，并在此基础上从法律法规、组织监管和沟通协调等方面提出了一系列改进建议，包括：①加强组织领导，任命副部级官员主管环境信息公开工作；②推动国务院出台《环境信息公开条例》，推动各类环境政策法规纳入信息公开条款；③加强与社会各界的沟通和互动，充分发挥社会组织的作用；④建立主要污染源环境信息公开平台，刺激企业改进环境表现；⑤加强对地方政府环境信息公开工作的督查、考核、评价及表现公开；⑥加强各级政府环境信息公开能力建设；⑦实现环保部及环保系统内部数据信息统一管理、协调共享；⑧全面改善环境数据质量；⑨细化环境信息公开政策，包括环境风险及健康信息公开政策；⑩加强与其他部委关于环境信息公开工作的合作与协调。%Environmental information disclosure is a work fundamental and comprehensive for environmental governance, and is both a prerequisite for public participation in environmental protection and a critical instrument to improve environmental governance. China has made signifi cant progress in environmental information disclosure in recent years. However, some serious problems still exist. Some very important environmental information is still not disclosed, which is not only unable to meet the need of the society and the government for environmental management, but also may threaten the social stability. In this paper, the authors analyzed the current situation, the existing problems and their reasons from various aspects of government, society and enterprise. A comprehensive list of recommendations were put forward for improving the environmental information disclosure in China, which included:① enhance the organizational leadership, including appointing a vice-minister-level official to be in charge of the disclosure work;② enact a formal regulation on environmental information disclosure by the State Council, and integrate the disclosure requirements into all environmental regulations;③ better communications and cooperation with the civil society, especially the environmental non-governmental organizations;④ create disclosure platforms for major pollution sources, to provide stronger incentives for the enterprises to improve their environmental performance;⑤ evaluate and publicly disclose the performance of local governments in the work of environmental information disclosure;⑥ improve the capacity;⑦ promote information and data sharing within the environmental administrative system;⑧ improve data quality;⑨ make the policy statements more concise and detailed;⑩ improve cooperation with other ministries.