2015年广东省人体重点寄生虫感染现状分析

摘要

目的 分析广东省人体重点寄生虫病的流行现状,为今后制订广东省寄生虫病防治对策提供科学依据.方法 2015年,按照《全国第3次人体重点寄生虫感染现状调查方案》,结合广东省寄生虫病发病情况,在20个县(市、区)48个调查点的成人或儿童中开展调查.其中土源性线虫(蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫和蛲虫)和肠道原虫调查以生态区为基础,按照经济条件和地理方位进行分层整群抽样;食源性华支睾吸虫调查在农村与土源性线虫调查一并进行,在城镇以整群抽样方法进行调查.以各调查点常住居民为对象,土源性线虫、华支睾吸虫等蠕虫虫卵检查采用改良加藤法,试管滤纸培养法鉴别钩虫虫种,直接涂片法检查肠道原虫;采用透明胶纸肛拭法对3~6岁儿童进行蛲虫检查.结果 在20个县(市、区)48个调查点,共检查了12401人,肠道蠕虫总感染率为8.29%(1028/12401).土源性线虫感染率为3.39%(420/12401),其中蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染率分别为0.52%(64/12401)、1.89%(234/12401)、0.46%(57/12401)、0.52%(65/12401).华支睾吸虫的感染率为4.90%(608/12401).儿童蛲虫检查967人,感染率为12.41%(120/967);钩蚴培养153人份,阳性140份,均为美洲钩虫,无其他线虫虫种.肠道原虫检查9309人份,感染率为0.31%(29/9309).结论 广东省人群土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,华支睾吸虫感染率仍然较高,寄生虫病防治工作仍需加强,食源性寄生虫病是今后防控工作的重点.%Objective To analyze the epidemic status of principal human parasites, so as to provide scientific evidence for making prevention countermeasures for Guangdong Province in the future. Methods In 2015, a survey was performed according to the scheme of "The 3rd National Survey of Principal Human Parasites"as well as the incidence of parasites disease in Guangdong Province,the residents at 48 investiation sites in counties were surveyed. The survey of the soil-transmitted nematodes (Ascariasis, Ancylostoma, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis) and intestinal protozoa were performed based on the ecological regions and stratified by economic and geographic situation.The survey of food borne Clonorchis sinensis was performed along with the soil-transmitted nematodes in rural areas, and it was performed by the sample method of random cluster in cities and towns.The residents in each investigation site as the object, the ovum of the soil-transmitted nematodes, Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths were examed by the modified Kato-Katz method, test tube filter paper was used to identify Hookwormspecies, and the intestinal protozoa was checked by direct smear method. The transparent tape anal swabs method for children aged 3 - 6 years to check Enterobius vermicularis. Results Totally 12 401 residents of 48 survey sites from 22 counties were surveyed, and the total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 8.29%(1 028/12 401). The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 3.39% (420/12 401),in which the infection rate of Ascariasis, Ancylostoma, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis were 0.52% (64/12 401), 1.89%(234/12 401),0.46%(57/12 401),and 0.52%(65/12 401),respectively.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 4.90%(608/12 401). Nine hundred and sixty-seven children were tested for eggs of Enterobius vermicularis with the infection rate of 12.41% (120/967). The number of hook larva culture was 153, among them, 140 were hookworm larvae of America and no duodenal hookworm larvae and other nematode species were found.Totally 9 309 residents were tested for intestinal protozoa infection,and the infection rate was 0.31%(29/9 309). Conclusion In Guangdong Province, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes is decreasing while the infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis is still high, and the control work of parasites still should be strengthened especially for food borne parasitic diseases.