当今,绿色计算早已成为各行业追逐的目标.在移动云计算市场中,随着云计算服务带来的巨大商业利润和移动用户数量的迅速增长,不断成熟的5G移动技术及将来的市场深入应用,都将进一步引起对绿色移动云计算的新关注.降低移动云计算能耗是实现绿色计算的基础性工作.该文首先对5G下移动云计算能耗问题的研究方式进行分析;其次,评述、分析5G多项关键技术在网络设施与通信节能研究中的现状、存在的问题以及典型5G网络服务模式的案例;然后,分析、对比并总结5G在移动设备任务迁移和云服务中心两个方面的节能表现;最后,指出目前研究中存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.研究表明,5G的出现为实现绿色移动云计算带来了机遇和挑战,今后的工作重点是对5G下移动云计算的节能模型和方法进行攻关,为实际应用提供坚实的理论基础.%Nowadays, green computing has been the goal that various industries pursue.With the development of mobile cloud computing(MCC) and the coming of 5G, the related energy consumption problems give rise to new and hot attention for green MCC.Reducing energy consumption is the basic work to implement green computing.In this paper, we first analyze the research methods of energy consumption of MCC in 5G.MCC architecture consists of three components: mobile devices, network facilities and communication, and cloud server center.Basing on the effect degree of 5G on the three parts, we adopt the order that followed by network facilities and communication, mobile devices, and cloud server center to extend the discussion about this issue.Second, for the energy-saving research of network infrastructure and communication, we review and analyze the current situation and existing problems of all kinds of key technologies in 5G, and the typical samples of 5G-network service mode.Wireless technology includes wireless transmission technology and wireless network technology.In order to enhance the business support ability of mobile Internet, 5G has introduced many technologies to further tap the potential of spectrum efficiency in the field of wireless transmission technology, such as the large-scale MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology, full duplex technology and multi carrier technology.In wireless network technology, 5G will employ more intelligent and more flexible network architectures and networking technologies, for example, hyper dense heterogeneous cell deployment, SDWN(Software Defined Wireless Network) architecture that separates the control and the forwarding, and unified self-organizing network etc.The improvement of wireless technology promotes the change of wireless network service mode, and the typical applications comprise the task-delegation service model based on Ad-Hoc mobile cloud and the dynamic cloudlet model.Third, we analyze, contrast and summarize the energy-saving cases of 5G in terms of mobile task migration and cloud data center respectively.Battery life is an important standard to measure whether mobile devices are energy efficient.In this paper, we divide the related research results into two areas: mobile device resource management and mobile task migration.For the latter, we focus on the service mode, strategy and energy-consumption measurement model of mobile offloading.In cloud server center, we investigate four usual energy conservation methods, which are respectively DVFS(Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling), ODPA(Online Dynamic Providing Algorithm), task scheduling and VM(Virtual Machine) igration.Although the 5G has the minimum direct impact on the energy efficiency research of cloud server center, there are still some applications of 5G technology which main goal is to reduce the power consumption in cloud data server.Finally, in view of the three layers architecture of MCC, we analyze the research problems in detail and put forward the future development directions.In a word, this study shows that the emergence of 5G brings the opportunities and challenges to implement green MCC.Thus, the key emphasis in future work will be the theoretical research of the model and method of energy saving of MCC in 5G, which provides a solid foundation for the practical applications.
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