随着新化学物质日益增多以及“3R”原则的广泛实施,传统的毒性测试面临着严峻挑战.毒性测试的发展正经历着一个关键时期,即从耗时、耗费的传统整体动物试验转向快速高通量的、含定量参数分析和机制研究的体外替代试验.实验动物替代方法不仅是出于遵行“3R”原则的考虑,也是毒理学学科发展以及社会经济发展的需要与科学要求.实验动物替代方法的发展与应用已成为21世纪毒性测试的重要方向,获得越来越广泛的支持和管理认可,具有广阔的发展前景和十分重要的应用价值.%Traditional toxicity testing is facing great challenging as increasing new chemicals and the implementation of "3R" principle. The development of toxicity testing is approaching a pivotal point where expensive and lengthy traditional in vivo animal tests are transformed to in vitro high-throughput alternative methods with quantitative parameters analysis and mechanistic exploration. Animal alternative methods are considered not only for the compliance of " 3 R" principle, but also for the demands and scientific requirements for the development of toxicology and social economy. The development and application of animal alternative methods have become an important direction of toxicity testing in the twenty-first century, and are gained increasingly wide support and regulatory acceptance with broad prospect and important value.
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