胚胎肾分支形态发生调控因素

摘要

Development of the kidney is initiated when the caudal region of the Wolffian duct ( WD) swells and then buds out into the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme (MM) induced by GDNF. Then FGF, HGF, BMP, MMP, integrin and adhesion molecules are expressed in the UB and MM result in branching morphogenesis, including the ureteric bud ( UB) invation into the MM , the elongation of the UB and mesenchymal-epithelial transition ( MET). Those molecules function in maintaining a balance of cell proliferation and differentiation to ensure normal formation of the branches. Also, there are parts of overlap and antagonist between those growth factors. This review focuses on the regulation of branching morphogenesis.%胚胎肾发育最初阶段是中肾导管尾端在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子诱导下向背侧长出输尿管芽,而后成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、骨形成蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶、整合素和粘附分子相继表达,作用于输尿管芽和间充质细胞,诱导分支形态发生,包括输尿管芽向间充质侵入、延伸以及间充质细胞向上皮转化.上述这些分子在功能上存在部分重叠与拮抗,维持细胞增殖和分化的平衡,从而保证输尿管芽形成正常的分支结构.本文对肾脏发育时期分支形态发生的调控因素进行综述.