酵母细胞工厂生产脂肪酸及其衍生物

摘要

Fatty acids and their derivatives have wide applications in alleviating energy crisis and environmental stresses as advanced fuels. Production of fatty acids and their derivatives by microbes has always been regarded as a renewable and environmental-friendly solution.With the deeper investigation in yeasts and the genetic manipulation, yeast cell factories have become a good platform to produce fatty acids and their derivatives, facing meanwhile unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Therefore, in this review, we present the progress in constructions of yeast cell factories, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Yarrowia lipolytica,and Rhodosporidium toruloides,to produce fatty acids and their derivatives. On this basis,novel synthetic biology strategies to enhance productivities of target products were proposed.%脂肪酸及其衍生物具有广泛的应用前景,特别是作为先进燃料能够缓解目前全球范围内的能源危机与环境污染问题.从微生物出发,利用生物发酵的方法生产脂肪酸及其衍生物被认为是一种可再生且环境友好的生产模式.随着酵母细胞研究的不断深入以及基因操作平台的日益完善,酵母细胞工厂成为继大肠杆菌细胞工厂之后又一脂肪酸类化合物的高产平台,也在其工业化进程的不断推动下面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战.因此,本文中,笔者综述了近年来以酵母细胞(主要包括酿酒酵母、解脂耶氏酵母和圆红冬孢酵母)为宿主菌构建的细胞工厂在生产脂肪酸、脂肪醇和烷烃方面的研究进展.同时,提出了提高酵母产脂肪酸及其衍生物产量的基本合成生物学策略,为其进一步的研究和工业化进程奠定良好的理论基础.