氮肥对植物-植食性昆虫-天敌三级营养关系的影响

摘要

Tritrophic interactions among plant-herbivore-natural enemy are interdependent and co-evolution by food chain/net in ecosystems, and are often heavily shaped by bottom-up forces. Nitrogen fertilizer can exert significant influence on the tritrophic interactions through various mechanisms. Nitrogen availability can alter quality of the plant, then affect feeding preference, food consumption and utilization, development, survival, reproduction, population dynamic of herbivore and ecosystem, the effect even can extend to natural enemy. Nitrogen also affect direct and indirect defense of plants, influence natural enemy control efficiency through variation of plant structure, nutritional quality of plants, habitat, and volatile induction. The impact of nitrogen fertilizer on tritrophic interactions and potential importance to agricultural production were reviewed.%　　植物-植食性昆虫-天敌三级营养关系在自然界中通过食物链/网的关系相互依存，协同进化，并受到来自寄主植物的上行效应影响。氮肥可以通过多种机制对植食性昆虫和天敌产生重要影响。氮素能改变植物品质，对植食性昆虫的寄主选择性、食物消耗和利用、生长发育、存活、生殖、种群动态和整个群落产生影响并延伸到昆虫天敌。氮素还能影响植物直接和间接防御，通过改变植物结构、天敌食料品质、生境及诱导挥发性有机化合物影响天敌控制植食性昆虫的效果。合理施用氮肥，保持三级营养关系互作平衡，对农业生产具有重要意义。