儿童期虐待、亲子依恋与青少年抑郁的关系

摘要

目的 探讨儿童期虐待、亲子依恋与青少年抑郁情绪之间的关系.方法 选取河南省新乡市、济源市城区2所中学的736名第7、8、9级初中生为研究对象进行评估.采用儿童期虐待问卷(CTQ)、青少年依恋问卷(IPPA)和儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)分别评估初中生的儿童期受虐经历、亲子依恋关系和抑郁情绪.采用分层回归进行中介作用分析.结果 男性青少年儿童期受虐总分高于女性(分别为33.29±7.89和31.05±6.01,t=4.343,P=0.000),两性母亲依恋(男:59.89±15.86,女:61.45±16.48,t=-1.303,P=0.193)、父亲依恋(男:59.32±17.17,女:60.28±16.95,t=-0.764,P=0.445)、抑郁总分(男:7.68±5.27,女:7.31±4.21,t=1.057,P=0.291)比较差异均无统计学意义.儿童期虐待与青少年抑郁呈正相关(r=0.408,P=0.000),与母亲依恋(r=-0.544,P=0.000)和父亲依恋(r=-0.417,P=0.000)均呈负相关;母亲依恋与父亲依恋呈正相关(r=0.604,P=0.000),均与抑郁情绪呈负相关(r=-0.426,-0.426,Pa=0.000).男性和女性青少年中,亲子依恋均在儿童期虐待经历和抑郁间起部分中介作用.结论 青少年男性受虐高于女性,两性的亲子依恋和抑郁无显著差异;亲子依恋在儿童期虐待经历和抑郁间起部分中介作用,提示提高亲子依恋质量可部分减少虐待对青少年情绪的影响.%Objective To explore the relationship between childhood abuse experience,parent and peer attachment and depression in adolescents.Methods A total of 736 junior students from the 7th,8th and 9th grades of 2 public schools in Xinxiang City and Jiyuan City Henan province completed the questionnaires.Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC) were employed the childhood abuse experience,parent attachment quality and depressive mood in adolescents,respectively.The hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parent and peer attachment,child abused experience and depression.Results Male participants reported high score of childhood abused than female participants(33.29±7.89 and 31.05±6.01,t=4.343,P=0.000).There were no significantly gender difference in mother attachment(male:59.89±15.86,female:61.45±16.48,t=-1.303,P=0.193),father attachment(male:59.32±17.17,female:60.28±16.95,t=-0.764,P=0.445) and depression(male:7.68±5.27,female:7.31±4.21,t=1.057,P=0.291).Childhood abuse had a positive correlation with adolescent depression(r=0.408,P=0.000),which negatively correlated with mother and father attachment(r=-0.544,-0.417,respectively,Pa=0.000).There was a positive correlation between mother attachment and father attachment(r=0.604,P=0.000),and both of them had negative correlation with depressive disorder(both r=-0.426,Pa=0.000).Mother and father attachment were the partial mediation of the relationship between childhood abuse and adolescent depression.Conclusions Male adolescents suffered more maltreatment than female adolescents.There are no gender difference in parent attachment and depression.Parent attachment plays the partial mediator role in childhood abuse and adolescent depression.Results reveal the importance of assessment and consideration of parent attachment in the intervention of depression in abused adolescents.