Biosensors have received vigorous development and serious concern in recent years owing to the combinations with nanotechniques, flow-injection and micro-fluidics devices. Affinitive biosensor is a kind of high-tech sensing device based on the specific affinity between biological molecules, and the affinity of bioactive substance and substrate. With the advantages of high specificity, good sensitivity, high speed, low cost, on-line measuring and monitoring in complicated system, affinitive biosensors are widely used in biomedical fields, such as the detection of biomedical markers, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, bacteria and toxins, the research of medicine actions mechanism, clinical drug screening, and etc. In this paper, the recent advance of affinitive biosensors in biomedical applications are reviewed. We also focus on a growing number of applications and progress in immunosensors and aptamer-based biosensors for tumor biomarker, nucleic acids and proteins. It covers the basic principles and biomedical and clinical applications of immunosensors and aptamer-based biosensors, and indicates the future prospects in this field.%近年来,生物传感器与纳米技术、流动注射和微流控等新技术的结合,获得了蓬勃而迅速的发展.亲和型生物传感器是基于生物分子之间的特异的亲和性,即生物活性物质对底物的亲和与键合而建立起来的一种新型传感装置.它具有特异性好、灵敏度高、成本低、能在复杂的体系中进行在线连续监测等优点,进而在生物医学领域,对生物医学标记物、核酸、蛋白质、病毒、细菌及毒素的检测、药物作用机理的研究、临床用药筛选等方面有着广泛的应用.本文从光学、电化学、石英晶体微天平传感、表面等离子体共振等几个方面对近年来亲和型生物传感器,特别是用于检测肿瘤标记物的免疫传感器和基于核酸适体的生物传感器在生物医学领域的测定原理和应用现状进行了评述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.
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