核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体对结核分枝杆菌免疫应答研究的新进展

摘要

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是引发结核病的主要病原菌.宿主对MTB的免疫应答在结核病发病过程中有重要地位,该过程主要通过模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PPR)进行.核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain,NOD)样受体(NOD-like receptor,NLR)是其中的一种重要PPR,在MTB感染和发病中扮演重要角色,目前已发现有20多种.NLR主要针对胞内的细菌和病毒进行免疫应答,同时对它们释放或降解的产物也产生免疫反应.NLR在MTB感染早期固有免疫系统对病原菌的识别和清除,以及启动适应性免疫应答和分泌细胞因子、介导炎症和细胞自噬等过程中都有重要作用.近几年,NLR在这些功能研究上有新进展,笔者就NLR介导的对MTB感染的免疫应答过程,以及其与结核病发病关系研究的新动态进行综合分析,以期为MTB和宿主细胞的相互作用研究提供新提示.%Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the main pathogenic bacteria of Tuberculosis (TB).The immune responses of the host play an important role in the process of tuberculosis pathogenesis,which mainly work dependent on pattern recognition receptors (PPRs).Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) is one of the important PPRs,which plays a vital role in the infection and pathogenesis of MTB.More than 20 types of NLR have been discovered hitherto.NLR primarily responses to intracellular bacteria and viruses,as well as the products released or degraded from these microorganisms.NLR functions in the process of recognition and elimina tion of pathogens by innate immune system in the early infection of MTB,as well as initiating adaptive immune response,secreting cytokines and inducing inflammation and autophagy.In recent years,the study of NLR has got new progress.In this paper,the immune response to MTB infection mediated by NLR and its relationship with the TB pathogenesis were analyzed comprehensively,so as to provide new clues for the study of interaction between MTB and host cells.