目的 抽样调查全国各省(自治区、直辖市)(不包括中国香港、澳门和台湾地区)居民对结核病防治核心信息的知晓率,为进一步加强结核病防治健康教育与健康促进工作提供科学依据.方法 2015年8-9月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在全国共抽取181个调查点(包括城镇点84个,乡村点97个).使用结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查问卷对31个省(自治区、直辖市)(含新疆生产建设兵团)调查点的所有≥15岁居民(共计33 357名)进行了面对面的询问式调查,其中有效问卷为33 191份,有效率为99.50％.结果 根据各省(直辖市、自治区)人口数对各省样本进行加权调整,并进行人口标化,得到具有全国代表性的5条结核病防治核心信息总知晓率(74.45％,3 605 116/4 842 350),与2010年进行的全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查中开展的结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查结果(56.99.,720 912/1 264 905)相比,有了大幅度的增长.2015年,第一条核心信息“肺结核的传播途径是呼吸道”的知晓率为81.20％(786 413/968 470),2010年为67.97％(171 961/252 981);第二条“肺结核的可疑症状为咳嗽、咯痰2周以上”的知晓率为88.06％ (852 825/968 470),2010年为74.41％ (188 252/252 981);第三条“怀疑自己得了肺结核,应到正规医疗机构就诊”的知晓率为92.61％ (896 895/968 470),2010年为61.51％(155 611/252 981);第四条“我国对肺结核诊疗有部分优惠政策”的知晓率为49.80％ (482 254/968 470),2010年为30.74％ (77 757/252 981);第五条“绝大部分肺结核可以治愈”的知晓率为60.58％ (586 729/968 470),2010年为50.33％ (127 331/252 981).总之,知晓率较高的组别为:大专及以上人群(81.94％,4075/4973)、机关或事业单位人员(80.60％,2285/2835)、中部地区(78.85％,6738/8545)、城镇人口(75.66％,13 688/18 092)、汉族(74.78％,21 526/28 786);知晓率较低的是:文盲、半文盲人群(55.17％,2140/3879)、少数民族(65.53％,2876/4389)、老年人(67.09％,5356/7983)、西部地区(68.52％,8938/13 044)、农村人口(71.01％,10 722/15 099).结论 2015年全国居民对结核病防治核心信息的知晓率较2010年有所提高,老年人、少数民族和西部农村人口的知晓率尚低,应该加强对这些人群的结核病防治知识的健康教育.%Objective To learn and evaluate the awareness level of TB key message among residents in China through the nationwide sampling investigation in Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions not including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Regions in 2015 and to provide scientific evidence for strengthening future health promotion and health education on TB control.Methods From August to September in 2015,multi-stage stratified clustered sampling method was applied to select 181 survey sites nationwide including 84 urban sites and 97 rural sites.All 33 357 subjects who were 15 years old and above at the investigation sites were interviewed with the same questionnaire,out of it,33 191 (99.50％) questionnaires were qualified in 31 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Results The general awareness rate of all 5 key messages after population standardization is 74.45％ (3 605 116/4 842 350).Compared with the rate of 56.99％ (720 912/1 264 905),obtained in the 5th Nationwide TB Epidemiological Sampling Survey conducted in 2010,it's substantially increased.The awareness rate of the first key message,the infectious channel of pulmonary TB is transferred via respiratory tract,is 81.20％ (786 413/968 470) while it was 67.97％ (171 961/252 981) in 2010;the rate of the second key message,cough and/or coughing with sputum for more than 2 weeks is highly suspicious of TB,is 88.06％ (852 825/968 470) while it was 74.41％ (188 252/252 981) in 2010;the rate of the third key message,if you’ re suspected of TB,you should go to the formal hospitals for consultation,is 92.61％ (896 895/968 470) while it was 61.51％ (155 611/252 981)in 2010;the rate of the fourth key message,TB exam and treatment is partly free of charge service,is 49.80％ (482 254/968 470) while it was 30.74％ (77 757/252 981) in 2010;and the rate of the fifth key message,the majority of pulmonary TB patients can be cured,is 60.58％ (586 729/968 470) while it was 50.33％ (127 331/252 981).Overall,the awareness rates are higher among groups with education level over college and above (81.94％,4075/4973),offices and institutions staff (80.60％,2285/2835),Central region (78.85％,6738/8545),urban population (75.66％,13 688/18 092),and Han nationa lity (74.78％,21 526/28 786);some groups are relatively lower yet:illiterate or semiliterate population groups (55.17％,2140/3879),ethnic minority group (65.53％,2876/4389),the elders (67.09％,5356/7983),the Western region (68.52％,8938/13 044) and rural population (71.01％,10 722/15 099).Conclusion Compared with 2010,the awareness level of TB key message on TB control among residents in China is increased,yet it's relatively lower among the groups of the elders,ethnic minority,population in the Western region and rural areas.Health education on TB control knowledge should be strengthened and emphsised for these key groups and population.
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