Mycobacteriophages are powerful tools for investigating and manipulating their mycobacterial hosts.More than 1,000 mycobacteriophages have been genetically sequenced and the amazing genetic diversity of mycobacteriophages is emerging as a surprise.Mycobacteriophages have excellent application prospects in the anti-tuberculosis active polypeptides and clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.Mycobacteriophages are encoded with endolysin,which was expressed by the phage at the end phase of infecting the hosts and can hydrolyze the cell wall structures to release the progeny phage.In addition to endolysin,mycobacteriophages also encode other polypeptides and proteins with anti-tuberculosis activitites.The difficulty of diagnosing active tuberculosis and the lack of rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) at the point of care remain critical obstacles to the control of tuberculosis.Moreover,mycobacteriophages also play a significant role as a rapid and inexpensive point-of-care diagnostic tool and as a tool for DST of M.tuberculosis in clinical sputum samples.In this paper,the anti-tuberculosis activity and its mechanism of peptides derived from mycobacteriophages were reviewed.We also described the applications of mycobacteriophage for the detection of drug resistant tuberculosis and the prospects of the applications of engineering phages against drug resistant pathogens.%分子杆菌噬菌体是其宿主分枝杆菌的病毒,前者对于结核病控制及临床结核菌诊断有良好的应用前景.目前已有超过1000株分枝杆菌噬菌体进行了全基因组测序,结果显示分枝杆菌噬菌体基因组具有丰富的多样性和镶嵌结构,且都编码有噬菌体裂解酶.裂解酶是噬菌体在感染宿主末期表达的蛋白,其能水解细胞壁以释放子代噬菌体.除裂解酶外,分枝杆菌噬菌体还编码其它有抗结核活性的多肽及蛋白.分枝杆菌噬菌体在临床耐药结核菌的检测中也发挥了巨大作用.本文综述了来源于分枝杆菌噬菌体的多肽与蛋白的抗结核活性,并系统阐述了分枝杆菌噬菌体在临床结核菌耐药性检测中的应用,并展望了工程噬菌体在杀死耐药病原菌研究中的应用前景.
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