新城疫(ND)是影响鸵鸟养殖业最主要的传染病之一,新城疫病毒(NDV)作为应激原,进入机体后可引起一系列病理变化,使机体下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)处于过度激活或失活状态,进一步加重内环境紊乱,引起病情加重.鉴于此,本研究以45 d雏鸵鸟为试验动物,分正常组和攻毒组(皮下注射鸡新城疫标准毒株F4s E9)；利用HE染色技术、透射电镜(TEM)技术和免疫组化技术定位表达(SABC)技术,研究NDV对雏鸵鸟HPA轴的形态及γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)表达的影响；结果表明:(1)雏鸵鸟HPA轴对鸡源NDV高度敏感,可引起HPA轴发生明显的病理组织学变化,肾上腺病变严重,下丘脑次之,垂体病变较轻,其病变程度反映了HPA轴功能受损的程度；(2)人工感染鸡源NDV,雏鸵鸟HPA轴内GABA表达均下降,其在肾上腺内的消长规律提示GABA可能参与了ND病理应激下的HPA轴应激反应过程；其表达数量和表达强弱与机体的病理性应激反应进程有关.%New castle disease (ND) is one of the most serious infection diseases that damage ostrich cultivation. As a stressor, ND could invade the organism and cause a series of pathological changes in body, which induced excessive activation or inactivation of ostrich chicks' hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA), and seriously disturbs the organismic internal environment. In the present study, ostrich chicks aged 45 days were divided into normal group and challenge group at random. The methods of HE staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry (SABC) were used to study the changes of morphology and theγ-ami-nobutyric-acid (GABA) expression in ostrich chicks' HPA axis with challenge by Newcastle disease virus(NDV). The results are as follows: The ostrich was highly sensitive with NDV, which can cause significant change on histopathology of HPA axis. The adrenalopathy worsened seriously, followed by hypothalamus, and a pituitary disease was a little lighter, which reflected the damage degree of the HPA. (2) Infected with NDV, the GABA expression of HPA axis in ostrich downgraded, change regularity in adrenals shows that GABA may participate in stress reaction of HPA axis which was caused by ND. The expression in the number and intensity of is related to pathological stress reaction.
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