骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖与成肌分化过程中关键信号通路的作用

摘要

Skeletal muscle satellite cells are considered to be the only stem cell source of adult skeletal muscle cells differentiation.It is generally in resting state.After stimulated,skeletal muscle satellite cells can be activated,proliferation and differentiation into muscle cells through the key signaling pathway,then participate in the formation of skeletal muscle and injury repair.Signaling pathways commonly involve in the process of proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells.Such as Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways regulate satellite cell activity through cascade amplification,Notch and P38 MAPK signaling pathways are thought to be closely related to the resting state of satellite cells,JAK/STAT signaling pathway can cause different specific responses of satellite cells at different stages.These signaling pathways are linked to each other,and thus affect the growth and repair capacity of skeletal muscle satellite cells.In this paper,we reviewed the study progress of the effects of Wnt,Notch,P38 MAPK,mTOR,JAK/STAT signaling pathways on the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells,and laid a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle formation and muscular development.%骨骼肌卫星细胞被认为是成体骨骼肌细胞成肌分化的唯一干细胞来源,一般处于静息状态.在受刺激后,骨骼肌卫星细胞可通过关键信号通路活化、增殖并分化成为肌细胞,从而参与骨骼肌的形成及损伤修复.信号通路普遍的介入了骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖与分化的过程.其中如Wnt和mTOR信号通路通过级联放大调节卫星细胞活动;Notch以及P38 MAPK信号通路被认为与卫星细胞静息状态关系密切;JAK/STAT信号通路能在不同阶段引起卫星细胞不同特异性反应.这些信号通路相互联系、共同作用,进而影响骨骼肌卫星细胞的生长发育及修复能力.本文拟从Wnt、Notch、P38 MAPK、mTOR、JAK/STAT等关键信号通路对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖与分化作用的相关研究进展进行综述,为进一步研究骨骼肌形成及肌肉发育相关疾病分子机制奠定基础.