益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

摘要

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotic preparation on intestinal pH, mucosal morphology and volatile fatty acid ( VFA) content in early weaner piglets. Forty-eight crossed-bred (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshine) piglets with an average body weight of (6. 39 ±0. 42) kg were randomly assigned to 2 groups (control group and probiotic group) with 4 replicates in each group and 6 piglets in each pen balanced for sex, weight and Utter origin. The piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in the probiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with the probiotic preparation at a concentration of 1 x 109 CFU per kg feed. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows; 1) the pH of ileum in the probiotic group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 28 days of age (P < 0. 05). 2) At 28 days of age, compared with the control group, villus height and the number of intestinal in-traepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of jejunum and ileum in the probiotic group were increased significantly (P < 0. 05) , the. number of ileal goblet cells in the probiotic group was increased significantly (P <0. 05) and the ileal crypt depth in the probiotic group was decreased significantly (P <0. 05) ; at 35 days of age, probiotic preparation significantly increased villus height of jejunum and ileum (P <0. 05). Probiotic preparation significantly improved the number of IELs of jejunum and decreased crypt depth of jejunum and ileum (P <0. 05) ; at 42 days of age, villus height of jejunum and ileum in the probiotic group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Probiotic preparation significantly increased the number of IELs and goblet cells of jejunum (P < 0. 05) , and significantly decreased crypt depth of jejunum (P < 0. 05). 3) The contents of butyric acid and lactic acid of cecum in the probiotic group were significantly increased compared with the control group at 28 days of age (P <0. 05). Probiotic preparation significantly increased the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and lactic acid of cecum at 35 and 42 days of age (P <0. 05). In conclusion, villus height, crypt depth, the number of IELs and goblet cells, and VFA content in weaner piglets are improved by dietary probiotic preparation supplementation. The probiotic preparation can effectively alleviate intestinal environment disorder caused by the stress of early weaning of piglets.%本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响.选用48头平均体重为(6.39±0.42)kg的(21±2)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致原则随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组为对照组,采用基础饲粮；试验2组为益生菌组,每千克基础饲粮中添加1×109 CFU活菌.试验期为21d.结果表明:1)28日龄时,益生菌组回肠内容物pH显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).2)和对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂,28日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度和上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著提高回肠杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05)；35日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05),显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠、回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05)；42日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度,显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05).3)28日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)；35日龄和42日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由结果可知,添加益生菌制剂能改善断奶应激对绒毛高度和隐窝深度的影响,提高肠道淋巴细胞数量和挥发性脂肪酸含量,降低肠道pH,从而缓解断奶应激对肠道环境的影响.