补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪精饲料对驴产乳量和乳成分的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪精饲料对驴产乳量和乳成分的影响.选择3-7岁的健康泌乳母驴34头,设A(12头)、B(10头)和C(12头)3个区,共5个处理.所有驴饲喂基础饲粮.每个区均设对照组,各试验组驴分别补饲粗蛋白质水平为31.44％(试验1组,A区,4头)、粗脂肪水平为25.77％ [20％棉籽油(试验2组,A区,4头)、20％葵花籽油(试验3组,B区,5头)、20％菜籽油(试验4组,C区,6头)]的试验精饲料1.5 kg/d.预试期14 d,正试期14 d.结果表明:1)除含20％葵花籽油的试验精饲料外,其余试验精饲料采食量(＞1300 g/d)均达到预期的采食量,且未出现消化异常,表明所用精饲料适口性较好,驴对它们有较好的适应性；2)补饲含20％棉籽油和含20％菜籽油的试验精饲料均显著提高了驴日均产乳量(P＜0.05),驴日均产乳量可达1.5 kg/d,而日均总泌乳量可达4 kg/d;3)补饲不同试验精饲料对乳成分无显著影响(P＞0.05),驴乳中乳蛋白、乳糖、粗灰分含量较稳定,而乳脂含量变化非常大.总之,补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪的精饲料可提高驴产乳量,但对乳成分的影响不明显.%This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of high protein and high fat concentrates on milk yield and milk composition of donkeys (Equus asinus). Thirty four healthy lactating donkeys aged 3 to 7 years were selected. Donkeys were divided into regions A (12 heads), B (10 heads) and C (12 heads) , and there were 5 treatments. Donkeys were all fed a basal diet. Each region contained a control group, donkeys in experimental groups were supplemented with 1. 5 kg/d experimental concentrates containing 31.44% crude protein (test group 1, region A, 4 heads) and 25. 77% crude fat [20% cottonseed oil (test group 2, region A, 4 heads), 20% sunflower seed oil (test group 3, region B, 5 heads) and 20% rapeseed oil (test group 4, region C, 6 heads) ], respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 14 d, and the experimental period lasted for 14 d. The results showed as follows; 1) except for the experimental concentrate containing 20% sunflower seed oil, feed intakes ( > 1 300 g/d) of all the other experimental concentrates were all up to the prospective level, and no digestive disorder was found, which indicated that the palatability of these concentrates was favorable and donkeys had good adaptability to them; 2) supplementation of experimental concentrates containing 20% cottonseed oil and 20% rapeseed oil both significantly increased the daily milk yield (P <0. 05), the daily milk yield was 1. 5 kg/d, and the total daily lactating milk yield was up to 4 kg/d; 3) milk composition was not significantly influenced by supplementation of different experimental concentrates (P>0.05), and contents of milk protein, milk lactose and crude ash were stable, but milk fat content varied largely. In conclusion, supplementation of high protein and high fat concentrates can increase milk yield, but the effects on milk composition are not obvious.