沙棘叶黄酮对肉鸡生长性能及胴体品质的影响

摘要

为了探讨饲粮中添加不同水平沙棘叶黄酮对肉鸡生长性能及胴体品质的影响,试验选用健康的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡公雏360只,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、试验Ⅰ组(基础饲粮+0.025％沙棘叶黄酮)、试验Ⅱ组(基础饲粮+0.050％沙棘叶黄酮)、试验Ⅲ组(基础饲粮+0.100％沙棘叶黄酮),进行7周的饲养试验.于试验第29、50天早晨以重复为单位记录每组肉鸡的体重、采食量,计算整个试验期的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比；于试验第50天屠宰采样,测定肉鸡的屠宰性能,并采用高效液相色谱仪检测肌肉中肌苷酸含量,采用索氏提取法测定肌内脂肪含量.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鸡的平均日采食量分别降低了3.92％、4.06％和4.27％ (P ＜0.05),但平均日增重和料重比无显著变化(P＞0.05)；试验组肉鸡宰前体重、全净膛率、半净膛率和腹脂率与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05),但试验Ⅲ组肉鸡屠宰率比对照组提高了1.88％ (P ＜0.05)；试验Ⅲ组肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量与对照组相比提高了46.70％ (P ＜0.05),其胸肌肌苷酸含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),但与对照组和试验Ⅱ组差异不显著(P＞0.05).由此可知,肉鸡生长全期饲粮中添加0.100％沙棘叶黄酮后,在不影响其生长性能的情况下降低了平均日采食量,在不影响其腹脂率的情况下增加了腿肌肌内脂肪的含量,并提高了屠宰率,从而改善了胴体品质及风味.%This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of flavones from sea buckthorn leaves on growth performance and carcass quality of broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers (male) were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 birds per replicate in a single-factor completely randomized experimental design. The broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in experimental groups I , II and III were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0. 025% , 0.050% and 0. 100% flavones from sea buckthorn leaves, respectively. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) , average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) of broilers were calculated according to the body weight and feed intake of broilers in each group during the experimental period, which were recorded on days 29 and 50 in the morning in replicate. Muscle samples were taken and the slaughter performance was determined on days 50. A HPLC method was performed to measure the content of inosinic acid (IMP) in muscle , and the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was measured by Saxhlet extraction. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, the ADFI of broilers in experimental groups I , II and III was significantly decreased by 3. 92% , 4. 06% and 4. 27% , respectively (P <0. 05) , but the ADG and F/G did not significantly change (P >0. 05). There were no significant differences in the body weight before slaughter and the percentages of eviscerated yield, half-eviscerated yield and abdominal fat between the control group and experimental groups (P >0. 05) , but the dressed percentage and IMF content in thigh muscle of broilers in experimental group III were significantly increased by 1. 88% and 46. 70% , respectively, compared with the control group (P <0. 05) ; the IMP content in breast muscle of broilers in experimental group III was significantly higher than that in experimental group I (P <0.05) , but there was no significant difference compared with the control group and experimental group II (P >0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of 0.100% flavones from sea buckthorn leaves in diets significantly decreases ADFI without affecting growth performance, significantly increases the IMF content in thigh muscle without affecting the percentage of abdominal fat, and significantly increases the dressed percentage, therefore, the carcass quality and meat flavor are improved by the diet supplemented with the flavones from sea buckthorn leaves.