饲粮添加胆碱对鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平胆碱对鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表现利用率的影响.选用1日龄青农灰鹅180只,随机分为6个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鹅.在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加0、600、1 200、1 800、2 400和3 000 mg/kg的胆碱.试验期15周.结果表明:1)饲粮中添加1 800和2 400 mg/kg的胆碱能极显著或显著提高1～4周龄和5 ～15周龄鹅平均日增重(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),降低料重比(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),有效降低死淘率.2)饲粮中添加2 400 mg/kg的胆碱能显著提高4周龄和15周龄鹅全净膛率(P＜0.05),添加1 800mg/kg的胆碱能显著提高15周龄鹅屠体率(P＜0.05),显著降低15周龄鹅腹脂率(P＜0.05),但对4周龄和15周龄鹅半净膛率影响不显著(P ＞0.05). 3)饲粮中添加1 800 mg/kg胆碱可显著或极显著提高钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观利用率(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01),但对干物质、有机物及粗蛋白质的表观利用率影响不显著(P＞0.05).综合各项结果得出,在鹅饲粮中适量添加胆碱是可行的,胆碱添加水平以1 800 mg/kg为宜.%This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary choline level on growth performance, slaughter performance and nutrient apparent availability of geese. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Qingnonghui geese were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate. Geese in the six groups were fed the corn-soybean basal diets supplemented with 0, 600, 1 200, 1 800, 2 400 and 3 000 mg/kg choline, respectively. The experiment lasted for 15 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) the supplementation of 1 800 and 2 400 mg/kg choline significantly increased average daily weight gain of geese aged 1 to 4 weeks and 5 to 15 weeks (P <0.05 or P <0.01), significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01) , and reduced mortality rate. 2) The supplementation of 2 400 mg/kg choline significantly increased the percentage of eviscerated yield at 4 and 15 weeks of age (P <0. 05) , the supplementation of 1 800 mg/kg choline significantly increased dressing percentage at 15 weeks of age (P < 0. 05) , and significantly decreased the percentage of abdominal fat at 15 weeks of age (P <0. 05) , but there was no significant difference in the percentage of half-eviscerated yield at 4 and 15 weeks of age among the six groups (P>0.05). 3) The supplementation of 1 800 mg/kg choline significantly increased the apparent availability of calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (P <0.05 or P <0. 01), but had no significant difference in the apparent availability of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein among the six groups (P >0. 05). In conclusion, the supplementation of choline in diets for Qingnonghui geese is feasible, and the optimum supplemental level is 1 800 mg/kg.