甜菜碱对肉鸡生长性能、脂质代谢及肌肉风味品质的影响

摘要

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of betaine on growth performance, lipid metabolism and flavor quality in muscle of broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly al-lotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. Control group was fed a basal diet and 3 experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with betaine of 0.05%, 0.10%and 0.20%, respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 42 days, and from day 1 to day 21 was prior period, while from day 22 to day 42 was later period. The results showed as follows:compared with control group, supplementing 0.20%betaine signif-icantly increased average daily gain and body weight in the prior, later and whole periods ( P<0.05) , and signifi-cantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain of broilers in whole period ( P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, betaine supplemented in diets significantly improved inosinic acid content in breast muscle, and the contents of in-tramuscular fat, flavor amino acid and total free amino acid in breast and thigh muscles of broilers (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of saturated fatty acid ( SFA) , unsaturated fatty acid ( UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid in breast and thigh muscles, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content and UFA/SFA in breast muscle were significantly increased in 0.20% betaine group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, 0.20% betaine group had significantly lower contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol and adponectin (P<0.05), and significantly higher contents of high-density lipoproteins, leptin and insulin in serum of broilers ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, supplementing betaine in diet can significantly improve growth performance, and promote flavor quali-ty in muscle and lipid metabolism of broilers. The optimal level of betaine supplemented in diet is 0.20%.%本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的甜菜碱对肉鸡生长性能、脂质代谢及肌肉风味品质的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加( AA)健康肉公鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%甜菜碱的试验饲粮。试验全期42 d,前期为第1~21天,后期为第22~42天。结果表明：与对照组相比,0.20%甜菜碱能够显著提高肉鸡前、后、全期平均日增重和前、后期体重( P<0.05),显著降低全期料重比( P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加甜菜碱显著提高了肉鸡胸肌中肌苷酸含量及胸肌和腿肌中肌肉脂肪、风味氨基酸和总游离氨基酸含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.20%甜菜碱能够显著增加肉鸡胸肌和腿肌饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸含量,以及胸肌多不饱和脂肪酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸( P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.20%甜菜碱显著降低血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇和脂联素含量(P<0.05),显著提高血清中高密度脂蛋白、瘦素和胰岛素含量( P<0.05)。由此可见,肉鸡饲粮中添加甜菜碱可以提高肉鸡的生长性能,促进脂质代谢,改善肌肉风味品质,以0.20%添加效果为最佳。