肉鸡肥胖基因 WDTC1组织表达特性及油脂类型和水平对 WDTC1基因表达的影响

摘要

肉鸡肥胖基因WDTC1（ WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1）是小鼠adipose基因的同源基因，是调控能量代谢、脂肪沉积和血清甘油三酯水平的关键基因。本试验旨在分析肉鸡WDTC1基因组织表达谱及不同类型和水平的油脂对肉鸡不同组织、不同日龄WDTC1基因表达的影响。随机挑选42日龄商品肉鸡母雏5只，进行WDTC1基因的组织表达谱分析。在此基础上，试验选取240只1日龄科宝肉鸡母雏，随机分为8个组（分别在饲粮中添加2．50％、5．00％的亚麻油、玉米油、芝麻油和猪油），每组6个重复，每个重复5只鸡，分别于21和42日龄时从每个重复随机选取1只肉鸡屠宰取样，通过三因素析因试验设计分析油脂类型、水平和肉鸡组织以及油脂类型、水平和肉鸡日龄对肉鸡WDTC1基因表达的交互效应。结果表明：1） WDTC1基因在肉鸡各个组织中广泛表达，其中在卵巢组织中表达量最高，其次是肝脏、肾脏、脑、肺脏、胸肌、心脏、小肠等组织，在胰腺组织中表达量最低。2）油脂类型对42日龄肉鸡不同组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量的影响极显著（P＜0．01），且油脂类型与肉鸡组织（P＜0．01）、油脂类型与油脂水平（P＜0．05）的交互效应显著；2．50％和5．00％油脂水平时亚麻油组42日龄肉鸡肝脏组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量显著高于腹脂组织（P＜0．05），且亚麻油组肝脏组织中WDTC1基因的相对表达量显著高于芝麻油组（ P＜0．05）；2．50％油脂水平时芝麻油组肉鸡腹脂组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量却显著高于亚麻油组（ P＜0．05）；油脂类型和水平对42日龄肉鸡胸肌组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量的影响无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。3）油脂类型对不同日龄肉鸡肝脏组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量的影响极显著（ P＜0．01），且油脂类型与油脂水平的交互效应显著（ P＜0．05）；2．50％和5．00％油脂水平时猪油组21日龄肉鸡肝脏组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量显著高于42日龄时（ P＜0．05）；2．50％油脂水平时亚麻油组肝脏组织中WDTC1基因相对表达量显著高于猪油组（P＜0．05），5．00％油脂水平时亚麻油和玉米油组42日龄肉鸡肝脏组织WDTC1基因相对表达量显著高于芝麻油组（ P＜0．05）。由此可见，肉鸡WDTC1基因的表达有时空特异性，优势表达组织为肝脏， WDTC1基因表达量受油脂类型、肉鸡组织、肉鸡日龄、油脂类型与油脂水平以及油脂类型与肉鸡组织的交互影响。%Broiler obesity gene WDTC1 ( WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1) , a homologous gene of mouse adipose gene, has become a key gene in regulating energy metabolism, fat deposition and serum triglyceride level. This experiment was conducted to analyze the tissue expression profile of WDTC1 gene in broilers and the effects of different types and different levels of oil on WDTC1 gene expression of broilers in different tissues and at different days of age. Five commercial female broilers at 42 days of age were randomly selected to anal⁃ysis the tissue expression profile of WDTC1 gene in broilers. On this basis, two hundred and forty 1⁃day⁃old Cobb female broilers were randomly assigned to 8 groups ( fed basal diets added with 2.50% and 5.00% lin⁃seed oil, corn oil, sesame oil and lard oil, respectively) with 6 replicates per group and 5 broilers per repli⁃cate. One broiler of each replicate was selected to slaughter at age of 21 days and 42 days, respectively. The interactive effects of oil type, oil level and tissue of broilers and oil type, oil level and days of age of broilers on WDTC1 gene of broilers were designed to analysis by three factors factorial experiment design. The results showed as follows:1) WDTC1 gene was found to be widely expressed in various tissues of broilers, and the expression level was the highest in the ovary, then in liver, kidney, brain, lung, breast muscle, heart and small intestine, and the expression level was the lowest in pancreas. 2) The relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in different tissues of broilers at 42 days of age was significantly affected by the oil type ( P<0.01) , and the interactive effects of oil type and tissue of broilers ( P<0.01) and oil type and oil level ( P<0.05) also had significant effects on the relative expression level of WDTC1 gene. The relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in liver of broilers at 42 days of age in linseed oil group at 2.50% and 5.00% oil levels was significantly higher than that in abdominal fat ( P<0.05) , and the relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in liver in lin⁃seed oil group was significantly higher than that in sesame oil group ( P<0.05) . The relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in abdominal fat of broilers in sesame oil group at 2.50% oil level was significantly higher than that in linseed oil group ( P<0.05) . Oil type and level had no significant effect on the relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in breast muscle of broilers at 42 days of age ( P>0.05) . 3) The relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in liver of broilers at different days of age was significantly affected by the oil type ( P<0.01) , and the interactive effect of oil type and oil level also had significant effect on the relative expression level of WDTC1 gene ( P<0.05) . The relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in liver of broilers at 21 days of age in lard oil group at 2.50% and 5.00% oil levels was significantly higher than that at 42 days of age (P<0.05). The relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in liver in linseed oil group at 2.50% oil level was significantly higher than that in lard oil ( P<0.05) , and the relative expression level of WDTC1 gene in liver of broilers at 42 days of age in linseed oil and corn oil groups at 5.00% oil level was significantly higher than that in linseed oil group ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, WDTC1 gene expression of broilers has the temporal and spatial specifici⁃ties, and liver is the predominantly expression tissue. WDTC1 expression level is affected by oil type, tissue of broilers, days of age of broilers and the interaction effects of oil type and oil level, oil type and tissue of broil⁃ers.