维生素B2对中华蜜蜂工蜂寿命及学习记忆能力的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究维生素B2对中华蜜蜂工蜂寿命及学习记忆能力的影响。试验分为工蜂饲养试验和学习记忆试验2部分。工蜂饲养试验：将1日龄中华蜜蜂工蜂分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复约200只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂1∶1的糖水,2个试验组在1∶1糖水的基础上分别添加100(Ⅱ组)、400 mg/kg(Ⅲ组)的维生素B2,每天记录各组工蜂的死亡情况,直到全部死亡。工蜂学习记忆试验：分组方法同工蜂饲养试验,并按照工蜂饲养方法对1日龄工蜂喂养7d后,利用吻伸反应方法测定工蜂短时学习记忆及长时学习记忆能力,并通过荧光定量PCR检测学习成功后工蜂学习记忆相关基因的相对表达量。结果表明：工蜂的平均寿命随维生素B2添加量的升高而延长,而且试验组(Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组)的平均寿命显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著( P>0.05)。Ⅲ组工蜂的长时学习记忆及短时学习记忆能力均显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),而且Ⅱ组工蜂的长时学习记忆能力也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组工蜂的多巴胺受体基因2( Acdop3)、cAMP反应元件结合蛋白( AcCREB )相对表达量均显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组( P<0.05),而且Ⅱ组工蜂的Acdop3相对表达量也显著高于对照组( P<0.05)。由此得出,维生素B2影响中华蜜蜂工蜂的寿命及学习记忆能力,在人工饲喂蜂群时需要提供适量的维生素B2。%The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of vitamin B2 on lifespan and learning memory ability of worker bees for Apis cerana cerana. The experiment included two parts:worker bees’ feed-ing and learning memory trails. Worker bees’ feeding trail: one-day-old worker bees for Apis cerana cerana were distributed into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group and about 200 bees in each replicate. The worker bees in control group ( group Ⅰ) were fed a 1∶1 sweet water, and those in two experimental groups were fed 1∶1 sweet water supplemented with 100 ( groupⅡ) and 400 mg/kg vitamin B2( groupⅢ) , respectively. The death status of worker bees in each group was recorded daily until all the bees died. Worker bees’ learning memory trail: grouping method was the same as worker bees’ feeding trail, and one-day-old worker bees for Apis cerana cerana were fed 7 days by the feeding method and the abilities of short-term and long-term learning memory of worker bees were tested by proboscis extension reflex ( PER) method. After learning success, the relative expression levels of the learning memory related genes were tested by real time quantitative PCR meth-od. The results showed as follows:the average lifespan of worker bees was prolonged with the increase of vita-min B2 supplemental level. The average lifespan of worker bees in experimental groups ( groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ) was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05) , and there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05) . The abilities of short-term and long-term learning memory of worker bees in groupⅢwere significantly higher than that in control group and groupⅡ( P<0.05) , while the ability of long-term learning memory of worker bees in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative expression levels of dopamine receptor gene 3 (Acdop3) and cAMP re-sponsive element binding protein ( AcCREB) in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in control group and group Ⅱ (P<0.05), while the relative expression level of Acdop3 in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, dietary vitamin B2 affects the lifespan and learning memo-ry ability of worker bees for Apis cerana cerana. So, the suitable amount of vitamin B2 in the artificial diet of honeybee colonies should be provided.