目的:探讨学龄前儿童头面部发育指标的遗传度及其影响因素.方法:测量101对3～6岁双生子(同卵双生子42对,异卵双生子59对)的16项头面部指标,运用通径分析方法,采用Mx软件估算各指标遗传、环境及年龄方差组分.结果:除头围、面宽、容貌耳宽的最佳模型为AES(无共同环境效应)外,其他各指标均为ACES模型；校正年龄后遗传度较高的指标为头围(男0.84,女0.75)、头长(男0.77,女0.80)、面宽(男0.82,女0.79)、下颌角间宽(男0.65,女0.57)、容貌耳宽(男0.75,女0.65)、唇高(男0.51,女0.56)等；上红唇厚度的遗传效应(男0.40,女0.72)存在性别差异.结论:头部指标较面部指标更易受遗传因素影响,性别对头面部指标遗传效应的影响无普遍性.%Objective:To analyze genetic and environmental influences on craniofacial development of pre-school twins in China.Methods:16 anthropometric items were measured by using the standard methods of measurement in a total of 101 twin pairs,including 42 monozygotic(MZ) and 59 like-sex dizygotic(DZ) twin pairs aged 3 to 6 years.The quantitative genetic model-fitting and evaluation of variance components were done with Mx,a structural equation modeling package designed for the analysis of variance of genetic,environmental and age effect.Results:The fitting-models of head circumference,head breadth and physiognomic ear breadth were AES without common environment,and others were ACES.After adjusting age,the head circumference,head length,facial breadth,bigonial breadth,physiognomic ear breadth and lip height were 0.84,0.77,0.82,0.65,0.75,0.51 in males and 0.75,0.80,0.79,0.57,0.65,0.56 in females respectively.Sexual genetic difference exited in the upper lip height.Conclusion:Cephalic measurements are influenced by genetic factors more easily than do facial measurements,without sexual influence of genetic variance on most of craniofacial items.
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