Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become one of the powerful technique since its invention in 1980s. Nevertheless, PCR technique is still frequently impaired by its low specificity, poor sensitivity, false positive results, etc. Recently, nanomaterials including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots and nano metal oxide have been added into PCR solution to improve both quality and productivity of PCR. The nanoparticles assisted PCR ( NanoPCR) has received considerable attentions due to its unprecedented sensitivity, selectivity and efficiency. In this view, the mainly used nanoparticles in NanoPCR, including gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials, graphene and metallic oxide, was firstly summarized. And then, the possible mechanisms for highly improved sensitivity and selectivity were discussed. Finally, recent applications of NanoPCR were described.%聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是20世纪80年代中期发展起来的一种应用广泛的体外DNA扩增技术,但目前该技术仍然存在着一些问题,如特异性差、灵敏度低和假阳性等.近年来,随着纳米科技的发展,一些纳米粒子如金属纳米粒子、碳纳米材料、量子点和纳米金属氧化物等被引入到PCR反应体系中,即纳米基因扩增技术(NanoPCR).该技术大幅度提高了PCR的扩增效率、选择性、灵敏度和特异性,推动了生物学技术的发展,具有非常重要的理论意义和应用价值.本文综述了近年来纳米基因扩增技术的主要研究进展、反应机理,并探讨了其应用研究.
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