宁波市气传花粉研究

摘要

目的：明确宁波市城区全年气传花粉种类和数量及其分布特征。方法应用重力沉降法对宁波市城区2012年1月至12月气传花粉进行调查。4个重力花粉采样器分别放置于城区海曙区，以及郊区镇海区、鄞州区和北仑区。结果全年共有2个花粉含量高峰，分别为3至5月和8至10月。海曙区共收集花粉7880粒/1000 mm2，可鉴定出11个科，24个属，3个种。其中，树木类花粉总计7436粒/1000 mm2（94．37％），草本类花粉332粒/1000 mm2（4．21％）。3月至5月共收集到花粉7248粒/1000 mm2（91．98％），以树木类花粉为主，花粉量较多的依次为松属（27．69％）、桑属（17．79％）、柏科（16．42％）。8月至10月共收集到花粉342粒/1000 mm2（4．34％），以草本类花粉为主，花粉量较多的依次蒿属（0．96％）、禾本科（0．81％）和大麻草属（0．63％）。镇海区共收集花粉4090粒/1000 mm2，可鉴定出13个科，23个属，3个种；其中，树木类花粉2962粒/1000 mm2（72．42％），草本类花粉988粒/1000 mm2（24．16％），花粉含量较多的依次为松属（21．66％）、柏科（12．37％）和柳杉属（10．90％）。鄞州区共收集花粉2568粒/1000 mm2，可鉴定出12个科，20个属；其中，树木类花粉1900粒/1000 mm2（73．99％），草本类花粉522粒/1000 mm2（20．33％），花粉含量较多的依次为松属（21．48％）、柏科（17．76％）和柳杉属（7．32％）。北仑区共收集花粉2204粒/1000 mm2，可鉴定出9个科，21个属；其中，树木类花粉1580粒/1000 mm2（71．69％），草本类花粉526粒/1000 mm2（23．87％），花粉含量较多的依次为松属（19．42％）、柏科（13．25％）和柳杉属（10．8％）。结论宁波市城区气传花粉分布呈现2个高峰，松属、桑属、柏科和柳杉属是其主要气传花粉。研究为花粉预报、确定主要致敏花粉奠定了基础。%Objective Toinvestigatethespecies,amount,andseasonaldistributionofannualairbornepollens inNingbo.Methods DailyairbornepollenmonitoringwasperformedbyGravitationalmethodinNingbo since Januray 2012 to December 2012. Four gravity pollen samplers were located in Haishu District,rural area of Ningbo,and Zhen hai,Yinzhou,Beilun District,suburban of Ningbo respectively. Results ThereweretwomajorpeakpollenseasonsinNingbo,onewasseeninMarchtoMayandanotherinAugust to October. 7880 grains/10002 pollens were collected in Haishu district,in which pollens belonged to 1 1 families,24 genera,3 species were indentified. 7436 grains/10002 (94. 37%)were tree pollens and 332 grains/10002(4. 21%)were herbaceous pollens. 7248 grains/10002 pollens were collected form March to May,the major airborne pollens were tree pollens such as Pinaceae (27. 69%),Morus (17. 79%), Cupressaceae (16. 42%). 342 grains/10002 pollens were collected form August to October,in which the major airborne pollens were weed pollens such as Artemisia (0. 96%),Gramineae (0. 8 1%)and Humulus (0. 63%). 4090 grains/10002 pollens were collected in Zhenhai district,in which pollen belonged to 13 families,23 genera and 3 species were identified. 2962 grains/10002 (72. 42%)were tree pollens and 988 grains/10002 (24. 16%)were herbaceous pollens. The major airborne pollens were Pinus (21. 66%), Cupressaceae (12. 37%),Cryptomeria (10. 9%). 2568 grains/10002 pollens were collected in Yinzhou district,in which belonged to 12 families,20 genera were identified. 1900 grains/10002 (73. 99%)were tree pollens and 522 grains/10002 (20. 33%)were herbaceous pollens. The major airborne pollens were Pinus (21. 48%), Cupressaceae (17. 76%), Cryptomeria (7. 32%). 2204 grains/10002 pollens were collected in Beilunu district in which belonged to 9 families,21 genera were identified. 1580 grains/10002 (71. 69%)were tree pollens and 526 grains/10002(23. 87%)were herbaceous pollens. The major airborne pollenswerePinus(19.42%),Cupressaceae(13.25%),Cryptomeria(10.8%).Conclusions Therewere two pollen seasons in Ningbo. Pinus,Morus,Cupressaceae and Cryptomeria pollens were major airborne pollen in Ningbo. These data could form the basis of pollen forecast and major allergenic pollen identification.