基于能值理论的湖南省耕地利用集约度演变研究

摘要

研究耕地资源的高效集约利用对社会经济发展具有重要意义.采用能值理论的研究方法,运用湖南统计年鉴相关数据,从农业机械集约度、化肥集约度、农药集约度、农膜集约度和劳动力集约度等5个方面,着重分析了湖南省2003 ～ 2012年间耕地利用集约度的时空变化特征.结果表明:总体看,2003～2012年,湖南省耕地利用集约度呈增长趋势,10年间耕地利用集约度共上升了0.252 8,其中生产要素集约度共增加了0.230 2,而复种指数增加了0.018 4.从各要素看,2003～2012年湖南省的农业机械、农药、农膜、化肥集约度都呈增长趋势,研究期间农药集约度增加了0.035×1013 sej/hm2;化肥增加了3.111×1013 sej/hm2;农膜增长了0.01 × 1013sej/hm2.而劳动集约度呈下降趋势;复种指数在研究时间段内总体呈上升趋势;耕地利用集约度在生产要素集约度和复种指数的综合作用下不断上升;从区域差异看,长株潭城市群和环洞庭湖区耕地利用集约度较高,因为该区域有比较优越的地理经济区位.而化肥、机械、劳动力投入水平都比较低的山地丘陵地区,工业辅助能集约度要低于劳动集约度,耕地利用集约度低.并结合分析结果和湖南省情提出了相关建议.%The efficient and intensive useof cultivated land resource has great significanceto the social and economic development.Using the value theory method andthe data of Hunan statistical yearbooks,this paper analyzed the space-time evolution characteristics of land use intensity from the aspects of intensive agricultural machinery,fertilizer intensive degrees,intensive degree of pesticides,agricultural films intensive,and labor intensive degrees in Hunan province during 2003-2012.The results showed that from 2003 to 2012,the cultivated land intensive use degree increased by 0.2528,among which the intensive degree of production factor increased by 0.2302 and multiple cropping index increased by 0.0184 since 2003.The main influenced factors were population,economic,urbanization and agricultural policy.The intensive degree of agricultural machinery,pesticides,agricultural films,and fertilizers were all in a trend of increase,but the intensive degree of labor was in a downward trend.The intensity degree of pesticide increased by 0.035 × 1013sej/hm2,and fertilizer increased by 3.111 × 1013sej/hm2;The film increased by 0.01 × 1013sej/hm2.The cultivated land use intensity continually increased due to the influence of the intensive degree of factors of production and multiple cropping index.For the regional differences,the cultivated land use intensity was higher in west,such as TungTing lake area and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,where had geographical economic location advantages.The land use intensive degree was lower in the mountain hilly area,where the input levels were relatively low in chemical fertilizer,machinery and labor,and industrial auxiliary intensive degree was lower than the labor intensive degree.Finally,some suggestions were put forward,for example,the agricultural production structure should rapidly be adjusted to increase the production value in TungTing Lake area and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration,technical and policy support should be increased to improve the production efficiency of arable landin less intensive use of arable land areas,and the material inputs for agricultural production should be appropriate to be improved in many mountains areas.