米芾、米友知与《唐文皇哀册》

摘要

美籍华人翁万戈收藏有一册传为唐代大书法家褚遂良书写的《唐文皇哀册》摹本，这个摹本是由明代陈激用绵白纸双钩廓填而成，其祖本是写在硬黄纸上。因为这件书法作品涉及唐代的两个重要人物，即唐太宗李世民和大书法家兼历史名臣褚遂良，因此其影响非常广泛，明代的一些著名丛帖如董其昌《戏鸿堂法帖》、陈元瑞《秀餐轩法帖》等均有刻入。但是关于《唐文皇哀册》的真伪问题，从古至今一直存在着分歧，一种说法认为《唐文皇哀册》是褚遂良真迹，另一类说法认为《唐文皇哀册》是宋代书法家米芾所书。前者固然鉴定错误，后者也因忽视米芾的代笔问题，而未能揭示《唐文皇哀册》的真相。事实上，《唐文皇哀册》与传世的所谓米芾书法墨迹《向太后挽词》出于同·人的手笔，这个人就是常为米芾代笔的米芾次子米友知。%The Elegy for Tang Wenhuang in the Wango H. C. Weng collection is assumed to be a copy by Chen Cheng of the Ming dynasty based on the original work by the Tang dynasty calligrapher Chu Suiliang. This piece of calligraphy has been much admired for its connection with two historical figures, Emperor Taizong and Chu Suiliang, and is therefore published in important Ming dynasty selections of model calligraphy edited by Dong Qichang and Chen Yuanrui. However, opinions vary about its authenticity: the original work is either attributed to Chu - which is certainly wrong - or to the Song dynasty calligrapher Mi Fu, which seems problematic as well because it neglects the ghostwriter ofMi Fu. In fact, the Elegy for Tang Wenhuang and the Elegy for Empress Dowager Xiang, another piece of calligraphy, are by the same person - Mi Youzhi, who was the second son ofMi Fu.