宁夏育龄妇女出生缺陷知识和态度及行为的影响因素调查分析

摘要

Background The rate of birth defects increased recently in Ningxia. The knowledge,attitude and behav-ior of birth defects among women of reproductive age influence the birth defects. Objective To provide the basis for determining the key content and ways of reproductive health education by analysing the influencing factors for birth defects-related knowl-edge,attitude and behavior among women of reproductive age in Ningxia. Methods The survey was conducted between Decem-ber 2008 and January 2009 with stratified cluster random sampling method,focusing on the rate of birth defects of all babies born from January to December 2007 in 22 counties of 5 municipalities of Ningxia,selectively examining the scores on birth defects-related knowledge,attitude and behavior among women of reproductive age and analysing the influencing factors with multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 10 928 households were investigated,including 10 792 babies and 5 383 women of reproductive age. The rate of birth defects was 12. 87‰(n=139). The scores of knowledge,attitude and behavior were re-spectively(16. 0 ±6. 1),(11. 2 ±2. 1),(10. 7 ±2. 4). Score of knowledge was positively related to the scores of attitude(r=0. 194,P<0. 05)and behavior(r=0. 581,P<0. 05);the score of attitude was positively related to the score of behavior (r=0. 436,P<0. 05). The main influencing factors for birth defects-related knowledge were nationality,economic income and educational level(P<0. 05);the main influencing factors for birth defects-related attitude were nationality,economic in-come and educational level(P<0. 05);the main influencing factors for birth defects-related behavior were nationality,eco-nomic income,educational background and fertility circumstances(P<0. 05). Conclusion The birth defects-related knowl-edge and behavior of Hui nationality was worse than that of Han nationality in Ningxia. Economic income and educational level were the main influencing factors for birth defects - related knowledge,attitude and behavior among women of reproductive age. Health education is needed to prevent birth defects among target population according to local conditions.%背景宁夏出生缺陷检出率呈上升趋势，育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和行为对出生缺陷有影响。目的通过分析宁夏育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和行为的影响因素，为确定生育健康教育重点内容和途径提供依据。方法2008年12月—2009年1月采用分层整群随机抽样方法，调查宁夏5个行政市22个县（区）2007年1—12月出生的所有婴儿出生缺陷情况，抽查育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度、行为得分，采用多因素Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果共调查了10928户人家，婴幼儿10792名，有明确出生缺陷疾病名称者139名，出生缺陷检出率为128.7/万。抽查育龄妇女5383名，育龄妇女出生缺陷知识得分为（16.0±6.1）分、态度得分为（11.2±2.1）分、行为得分为（10.7±2.4）分，知识得分与态度得分呈正相关（ r=0.194，P<0.05），知识得分与行为得分呈正相关（ r=0.581，P<0.05）；态度得分与行为得分呈正相关（r=0.436，P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，在知识方面，民族、人均月收入和文化程度是其主要影响因素（ P<0.05）；在态度方面，民族、人均月收入、文化程度是其主要影响因素（P<0.05）；在行为方面，民族、人均月收入、文化程度和生育情况是其主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论宁夏地区回族育龄妇女出生缺陷知识和行为较汉族差，人均月收入和文化程度是影响育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和行为的主要因素，因此应因地制宜对重点人群进行预防出生缺陷的健康教育。