社区老年人听力障碍现状及影响因素调查

摘要

目的：分析社区老年人听力障碍现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法，于2013年3-4月在德胜社区卫生服务中心和6个社区卫生站对430例老年人进行问卷调查，其中社区卫生服务中心130例，社区卫生站各50例。共发放问卷430份，回收有效问卷423份，有效率为98.4％。采用自行设计调查问卷，调查研究对象一般资料，慢性疾病与听力障碍的关系，听力障碍常见病因及健耳健听措施与听力障碍的关系。结果老年人听力障碍255例（60.3％）。不同性别老年人听力障碍患病率比较，差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）；而不同文化程度、婚姻状况、居住情况和日常生活影响情况老年人听力障碍患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。患糖尿病、心血管疾病老年人的听力障碍患病率高于未患糖尿病和未患心血管疾病老年人（ P＜0.05）；而有无高血压、高血脂、其他慢性疾病老年人听力障碍患病率比较，差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。有无长期接触噪音、不良饮食习惯、遗传因素、缺乏锌元素、老龄化现象老年人听力障碍患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）；是否避免噪声伤害、调整饮食结构积极治疗、保持乐观情绪、不随便掏耳朵和经常按摩耳朵老年人听力障碍患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论社区老年人听力障碍患病率较高，且与多种因素有关，老年人应加强对慢性疾病、常见病因及健耳健听导致听力障碍的认识。%Objective To analyze the current situation of hearing disorders( HD)of community elderly and its influ-encing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to perform a questionnaire in 430 elderly in Desheng Com-munity Health Service Center,6 community public health stations from March to April 2013. A total of 430 questionnaires were distributed,423 returned,the effective rate was 98. 4%. Using self-designed questionnaire,investigation the general informa-tion,the relationship between chronic disease and hearing impairment,hearing impairment and common causes of the relation-ship between healthy ears hearing and hearing impairment. Results A total of 255 elderly had HD(60. 3%). There was no significant difference between different genders(P>0. 05),but there was between elderly with different educational levels,ma-rital status,living conditions,daily life(P <0. 05). The HD incidence was higher in elderly with diabetes,cardiovascular diseases than in those without(P<0. 05),but there was no difference between patients with or without hypertension,high cho-lesterol,other chronic diseases ( P >0. 05 ). There was difference in HD incidence between elderly chronically exposed to noise,poor diet,genetic factors,lack of zinc or not(P<0. 05). There was difference in HD incidence of whether to avoid noise damage,adjust dietary structureactive treatment,optimistic mood,not just ears and often massage ear(P<0. 05). Con-clusion The incidence of HD is high in community elderly,which is related to various factors. The elderly should strengthen the common causes of chronic disease,and both ears gemcitabine-vinorelbine listen to cause hearing impairment.