终止高血压膳食疗法对社区高血压前期人群干预效果研究

摘要

目的：探讨终止高血压膳食疗法（ DASH）对社区高血压前期人群的干预效果。方法于2013年6—11月对吉林市某社区卫生服务中心所辖区居民进行健康体检，选取社区高血压前期人群351例。采用随机数字表法将受试者分为对照组，传统组和DASH组，各117例。对照组不进行任何干预，传统组在研究开始时进行1次传统的低盐低脂饮食健康宣教， DASH膳食组进行具体的健康干预，包括健康宣教以及上门随访。3组干预期均为6个月，记录干预前及干预后1、3、6个月时血压变化情况。结果3组不同时间收缩压（ SBP）、舒张压（ DBP）比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）；组内比较结果显示：在干预后1、3、6个月，3组SBP、 DBP与基线水平比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）；组间比较结果显示：在干预后1、3、6个月，3组SBP、 DBP比较，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。干预6个月后，3组血压转归情况比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝23.25， P＜0.01）。结论对于高血压前期人群，采用DASH膳食进行干预能够明显降低血压，并且其效果优于传统的低盐低脂饮食健康宣教， DASH膳食能在一定程度上预防高血压的发生。%Objective To investigate the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH) on patients with prehypertension .Methods A total of 351 patients with prehypertension who received physical examination in a community health center in Jilin from June to November in 2013 were enrolled and were divided into a DASH group , a traditional group and a control group using random number table with each group 117 patients.The control group didn′t receive any intervention , the traditional group received traditional health education about low -salt and low-fat diet at the beginning of the research , and the DASH group received specific health interventions including health education and follow -up visits.The intervention period was six months.The blood pressure of subjects was recorded before intervention and in month 1, 3 and 6 after intervention.Results The three groups were significantly different in systolic blood pressure ( SBP) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP) at different time (P<0.05).The comparison within each group showed that , in month 1, 3 and 6, SBP and DBP of the three groups were significantly different from the baselines (P<0.05).The comparison among the three groups showed that , in month 1, 3 and 6, the three groups were significantly different in SBP and DBP (P<0.050).In month 6, the three groups were significantly different in blood pressure outcomes (χ2 =23.25, P<0.01).Conclusion DASH can markedly reduce blood pressure and have better effects than traditional health education about low -salt and low -fat diet.DASH can prevent hypertention to some extent.