少数民族失能老人居家照护者照护知信行影响因素分析

摘要

目的：探讨维吾尔族、哈萨克族（维、哈）失能老人居家主要照护者照护知信行的影响因素。方法2013年9月—2014年3月，采用知信行自编问卷对新疆沙湾县、托克逊县、乌鲁木齐市的维、哈失能老人居家主要照护者621例进行照护知信行调查。影响因素分析采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果维、哈居家照护者照护知识掌握不全面，均分占满分的31.8％（6.36/20）；照护态度呈高水平状态，均分占满分的84.7％（10.16/12）；照护行为大部分为日常生活照料，均分占满分的37.0％（25.50/69）；Pearson相关分析显示，知信行得分三者间存在正相关（P﹤0.05）。单因素分析显示，失能程度、照护者受教育程度、失能老人子女职业对照护者知识得分的影响有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）；民族、现居住地、失能老人子女职业对照护者态度得分的影响有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）；民族、子女是否需要照护、是否居住在一起对照护者行为得分的影响有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）；失能程度、民族、是否居住在一起、就职状况对照护者照护知信行总分的影响有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。多元线性回归分析进一步显示，失能程度、民族、是否居住在一起、就职状况是照护者照护知信行的影响因素（ P﹤0.05）。结论照护者照护知信行的影响因素涉及照护者、失能老人及家庭内外部相关因素，应从这三方面着手提升居家照护者的照护知信行水平，从而提高失能老人的生活质量。%Objective To investigate the influencing factors for knowledge,attitude and practice( KAP)of primary home caregivers of Uygur and Kazak disabled elders. Methods Self - made KAP Questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice of 621 primary home caregivers for Uygur and Kazak disabled elders in Shawan County,Toksun County,Urumqi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September,2013 to March,2014. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to analyze influencing factors. Results The included caregivers didn't have comprehensive nursing knowledge,with the knowledge score only taking up 31. 8%(6. 36/20)in full score;the score of nursing attitude was at high level,accounting for 84. 7%(10. 16/12) in full score;the nursing practice was for daily care, with the score taking up 37. 0%(25. 50/69)in full score. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation among knowledge,attitude and practice(P ﹤0. 05). Univariate analysis showed that disability severity,education level of caregivers,occupation of children had significant influence on the score of caregivers'nursing knowledge(P﹤0. 05);minority group,place of residence,occupation of children had significant influence on the score of caregivers' attitude(P ﹤0. 05);minority group,children need care or not,living with care recipients or not had significant influence on the score of practice( P﹤0. 05);disability severity,minority group,living with care recipients or not,work status had significant influence on the total score of caregivers'KAP(P﹤0. 05). Multivariate regression analysis further showed that disable severity,minority group, living with care recipients or not,work status were the influencing factors for caregivers' KAP(P﹤0. 05). Conclusion The influencing factors for caregivers' KAP concern caregivers,disabled elders,internal and external domestic factors. The three aspects should be emphasized to improve KPA level of home caregivers and thus the life quality of disabled elders.