目的：探讨农村留守初中生休闲参与对心理弹性的影响及其性别差异。方法于2014年3—5月，采用整群随机抽样法，在河南省西部抽取2所农村中学的留守初中生作为研究对象。采用自编农村留守中学生课外休闲参与调查问卷、青少年心理弹性量表（ HKRA）对其进行调查。剔除非留守学生后，共收回留守初中生问卷380份，其中有效问卷340份，问卷有效率为89.5%。结果不同性别农村留守初中生有9项休闲参与得分间差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）；而其余11项休闲参与得分及弹性特质、外部保护得分间差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。对于总体而言，兴趣活动小组、下棋打牌、玩电子游戏、农田活动4项休闲参与程度对弹性特质因子的预测作用有统计学意义（P﹤0.05），总预测力为18.7%；其中玩电子游戏对弹性特质因子有负向预测作用，预测力为6.1%。兴趣活动小组、下棋打牌、手工制作、义工/志愿者活动4项休闲参与程度对外部保护因子的预测作用有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），且均为正向预测作用，总预测力为15.0%。对于男生而言，农田活动、玩电子游戏2项休闲参与程度对弹性特质因子的预测作用有统计学意义（P﹤0.05），总预测力为18.8%；其中玩电子游戏对弹性特质因子有负向预测作用，预测力为10.6%。对于女生而言，兴趣活动小组、下棋打牌2项休闲参与程度对弹性特质因子的预测作用有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），且均为正向预测作用，总预测力为15.7%；下棋打牌、义工/志愿者活动、参加聚会3项休闲参与程度对外部保护因子的预测作用有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），且均为正向预测作用，总预测力达25.8%。结论课外休闲参与影响农村留守青少年心理弹性水平，深度互动性休闲参与越多可能越有利于农村留守女青少年心理弹性水平提升。%Objective To explore the effect of leisure participation of rural left-behind junior middle school students on psychological resilience and its gender difference. Methods From March to May in 2014,with cluster random sampling method,left - behind students in two rural junior middle schools in west He'nan Province were selected as the research objects. Self-made questionnaire of leisure participation of rural left -behind junior middle school students and healthy kids resilience scale( HKRA)were applied in this study. After excluding non left -behind students,380 questionnaires of left -behind students were recovered, and 340 were valid questionnaires with a response rate of 89. 5%. Results There was no significant difference in scores of leisure participation in 9 activities among rural left -behind junior middle school students of different genders(P﹥0. 05);while there was significant difference in scores of leisure participation in the rest 11 activities and scores of resilience characteristics and external protection(P﹤0. 05). For the overall,leisure participation degree of the four activities- interest activity groups, playing chess and cards, playing video games and farmland activities had significantly predictive effects on resilience characteristics factors( P ﹤0. 05 ), and the total predictive power was 18. 7%;playing video games had negatively predictive effects on resilience characteristics factors and the predictive power was 6. 1% . Leisure participation degree of the four activities-interest activity groups,playing chess and cards,handcrafting and voluntary workers/volunteers activities had significantly predictive effects on external protection factors(P﹤0. 05),and it was positively predictive effect with a total predictive power of 15. 0%. For boys,leisure participation degree of farmland activities and playing video games had significantly predictive effects on resilience characteristics factors( P ﹤0. 05 ), the total predictive power was 18. 8%;playing video games had negatively predictive effects on resilience characteristics factors and the predictive power was 10. 6%. For girls,leisure participation degree of interest activity groups and playing chess and cards had significantly predictive effects on resilience characteristics factors( P ﹤0. 05 ), and it was positively predictive effect with a total predictive power of 15. 7%;leisure participation degree of playing chess and cards, voluntary workers/volunteers activities and joining a party had significantly predictive effects on external protection factors( P ﹤0. 05 ), and it was positively predictive effect with a total predictive power of 25. 8%. Conclusion Extracurricular leisure participation affects resilience level of rural left - behind adolescents,the more deeply interactive leisure participation,the more beneficial to the enhancement of psychological resilience level of rural left-behind female adolescents.
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