目的：在学龄早期流动儿童群体中，考察母亲对儿童的接纳、母亲对儿童消极情绪的回应和流动儿童共情的关系以及母亲对儿童消极情绪的回应在其中的中介作用。方法2013年6月14—21日采用方便抽样法选取北京市流动儿童学校8～10岁的学生325名。其中150名学生进行预测试，175名学生进行正式测试，发放175份问卷，回收有效问卷173份，删除明显数据缺失的问卷4份（缺失数据＞10％），最后参与数据分析的测试者169名。采用家长接纳－拒绝教养方式问卷、改编的应对儿童消极情绪量表、儿童共情和亲社会反应量表进行问卷调查。结果母亲对儿童的接纳评分（3.0±0.5）分，母亲问题解决的回应评分（3.6±0.7）分，母亲安慰情绪的回应评分（3.6±0.9）分，母亲鼓励情绪表达的回应评分（3.3±0.8）分，儿童共情评分（5.4±0.8）分。母亲对儿童消极情绪的回应的3个维度（母亲问题解决的回应、母亲安慰情绪的回应、母亲鼓励情绪表达的回应）之间呈正相关（ P＜0.01）；3个维度与母亲对儿童的接纳呈正相关（P＜0.01）；3个维度与儿童共情呈正相关（P＜0.01）；母亲对儿童的接纳与儿童共情呈正相关（ P＜0.01）。结构方程模型分析发现，母亲对儿童消极情绪的回应在母亲对儿童的接纳和儿童共情之间起完全中介作用，拟合结果很好〔χ2＝40.55， df＝24， P＝0.020，比较拟合指数（ CFI）＝0.98，非规范拟合指数（ NNFI）＝0.97，近似误差均方根（ RMSEA）＝0.064，标准化残差均方根（ SRMR）＝0.046〕。采用Bootstrapping技术检验发现，母亲对儿童的接纳通过母亲对儿童消极情绪的回应影响儿童共情的间接效应为0.21，90％CI （0.11，0.32），中介作用显著。结论母亲对儿童的接纳对学龄早期流动儿童共情有促进作用，母亲对儿童消极情绪的回应起完全中介作用。%Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal acceptance and early-school-age migrant children′s empathy as well as the mediating role of maternal coping style with children′s negative emotions.Methods From June 14 to June 21 in 2013, we enrolled 325 students aged 8 to 10 from Beijing ambulatory schools through convenience sampling method.Among the students, 150 students received pretest, and 175 students received formal testing by completing 175 questionnaires with 173 effective questionnaires recollected.After the exclusion of 4 questionnaires with obvious data missing ( data missing rate>10%) , data of 169 students were analyzed.The questionnaire was composed of parental acceptance -rejection questionnaire, revised coping with children′s negative emotions scale and empathic, prosocial response to another′s distress scale. Results The score was (3.0 ±0.5) for maternal acceptance, (3.6 ±0.7) for the coping style of problem solving, (3.6 ±0.9) for the coping style of comforting, (3.3 ±0.8) for the coping style of encouraging emotion expression and (5.4 ±0.8) for children′s empathy.The three maternal coping styles with children′s negative emotions ( coping style of problem solving, coping style of comforting and coping style of encouraging emotion expression) were moderately and highly correlated with each other ( P<0.01 ); the three styles had medium positive correlation with maternal acceptance degree ( P<0.01 ); the three styles had positive correlation with children′s empathy ( P<0.01 ); maternal acceptance degree was positively correlated with children empathy ( P <0.01 ) .Structure equation model analysis showed that maternal coping style with children′s negative emotions had complete mediating effect in the relation between maternal acceptance dgree and children′s empathy with a fairly good fitting result (χ2 =40.55, df =24, P=0.020, CFI=0.98, NNFI=0.97, RMSEA=0.064, SRMR=0.046) .The test using Bootstrapping technique showed that, through maternal coping with children′s negative emotions, maternal acceptance degree had an indirect mediating effect on children′s empathy which was 0.21 with 90%CI (0.11, 0.32) and the mediating effect was remarkable.Conclusion Maternal acceptance facilitates the empathy of early-school-age children, and maternal coping style with children′s negative emotions had a complete mediating effect.
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