大学生社会支持在内外向与孤独间的中介作用研究

摘要

目的 探讨大学生社会支持在内外向与孤独间的中介作用.方法 于2015年5月,采用方便抽样法在北京市某大学选取大学生250例进行问卷调查,内容包括UCLA孤独量表、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版(EPQ-RSC)中的内外向维度、社会支持评定量表(包括客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度3个雏度),分别用于评价大学生的孤独、内外向、社会支持情况.共发放问卷250分,回收有效问卷238份,问卷有效回收率为95.2％.结果 大学生的孤独、内外向、社会支持得分分别为(43.7±8.2)、(7.4±2.6)、(38.3±6.4)分.Pearson相关分析结果显示,内外向得分与孤独得分呈线性负相关(P＜0.01),内外向得分与社会支持得分及客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度维度得分呈线性正相关(P＜0.01),社会支持得分及客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度维度得分与孤独得分呈线性负相关(P＜0.01).结构方程模型分析结果显示,社会支持得分在内外向得分、孤独得分之间起完全中介作用(P＜0.01).通过聚类分析可将大学生分为4组,即偏内向高支持组(n=80)、高外向高支持组(n=78)、内向低支持组(n-33)、偏外向低支持组(n=47).其中,内向低支持组、偏外向低支持组大学生的孤独得分高于偏内向高支持组、高外向高支持组,偏内向高支持组孤独得分高于高外向高支持组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 大学生社会支持在内外向对孤独的影响中起完全中介作用.%Objective To explore the mediating effect of social support between introversion/extraversion and loneliness among college students.Methods This study was conducted in May,2015.Two hundred and fifty college students were selected by convenience sampling from a college in Beijing and surveyed by the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Chinese version),extraversion and introversion dimensions of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and objective support,subjective support and utilization of support dimensions of Social Support Rating Scale for assessing the degree of loneliness,extravert or introvert character and level of social support.The survey obtained a response rate of 95.2％ (238/250).Results The scores for loneliness,introvertion/extraversion and social support were (43.7 ± 8.2) (7.4 ± 2.6) (38.3 ± 6.4) respectively.The Pearson's analysis showed that,introversion/extraversion was negatively and linearly related to loneliness (P ＜0.01),while introversion/extraversion was positively and linearly related to social support,objective support,subjective support and utilization of support (P ＜ 0.0l).Loneliness was negatively and linearly correlated with social support,objective support,subjective support and utilization of support (P ＜ 0.01).The analysis with structure equation modeling showed that,social support played a mediating role between introversion/extraversion and loneliness completely (P ＜ 0.01).According to the findings of hierarchical cluster analysis,there were 4 groups,namely,slightly introverted and high social support group (n =80),extroverted and high social support group (n =78),introverted and low social support group (n =53) and slightly extroverted and low social support group (n =47).The scores of loneliness of introverted and low social support group and slightly extroverted and low social support group were higher than those of the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The scores of loneliness of slightly introverted and high social support group were higher than those of extroverted and high social support group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Among college students,social support completely mediates the effect of introversion /extraversion on loneliness.