健身运动对儿童认知功能的影响及其作用机制研究进展

摘要

本文综述及评析了健身运动对儿童认知功能的影响及其作用机制,提示单次健身运动有利于提升正常儿童的认知功能,长期健身运动则对超重或肥胖、注意力缺陷多动障碍(AHDH)、发展协调障碍(DCD)儿童的认知功能有正面影响.单次健身运动可能提早活化额叶-小脑神经网络,进而提升认知功能,而长期健身运动则可能通过神经信息处理的提升、小脑与海马回神经生化结构的改变、前额叶-小脑-动作皮质功能性链接的增强及小脑活化程度的提高来促进认知功能.建议今后的研究在方法学上进行调整与修正,加强学科领域间的技术合作,以进一步揭示健身运动促进儿童认知功能的可能机制,特别是针对健身运动-前额叶与小脑链接-认知作业表现三者之关系进行验证.%This paper reviewed and analyzed the effect of fitness exercise on children's cognitive function and its mechanism.The findings indicated that single-session fitness exercise could improve the cognitive function of normal children, and besides,long-term fitness exercise had an positive effect on the children with overweight or obesity,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and developmental coordination disorder(DCD).Single-session fitness exercise may enhance cognitive performance through activating earlier the frontal lobe-cerebellum neural network,and long-term fitness exercise may promote cognitive performance through the increase of neural information processing and neurobiochemical changes in cerebellum and hippocampus,or enhancing the functional link of motor cortex in prefrontal lobe and cerebellum,and increasing the activation of cerebellum.It is suggested that the methodology should be adjusted and amended in future studies with the cooperation in science and technology among different disciplines to further reveal the possible mechanism by which fitness exercise can promote children's cognitive function,especially,to confirm the relationship among fitness exercise,prefrontal lobe-cerebellum link and cognitive performance.