GlideScope(R)视频喉镜经口和经鼻气管插管的心血管反应比较

摘要

目的 对比观察GlideScope(R)视频喉镜(GSVL)经口气管插管和经鼻气管插管的心血管反应.方法 选取美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)身体状况分级为Ⅰ级、拟在经口或经鼻气管插管全麻下施择期整形外科手术的成年患者60例,随机均分为GSVL经口气管插管组(经口组)和GSVL经鼻气管插管组(经鼻组).常规麻醉诱导后采用GSVL实施经口或经鼻气管插管.观察记录两组患者麻醉诱导前(基础值)、麻醉诱导后、气管插管时及气管插管后1、2、3、4和5 min的血压、心率(HR)以及观察期血压和HR的最大值,计算各时间点的收缩压-心率乘积(RPP),并记录气管插管时间.结果 两组患者的基本情况差异无统计学意义.经鼻组的气管插管时间显著长于经口组[(52.2±13.5)s比(40.5±15.2)s,P＜0.05].麻醉诱导后两组的血压和RPP均显著降低(P均＜0.05),但HR无显著变化.与麻醉诱导后比较,气管插管时两组的血压、RPP以及经口组的HR均显著升高,且经口组观察期的HR、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)和RPP最大值超过了基础值,但经鼻组仅HR的最大值超过了基础值.虽然两组各时间点血压差异均无统计学意义,但经口组观察期HR和RPP的最大值较经鼻组显著升高(P均＜0.05).结论 在麻醉的成年人,GSVL经口和经鼻气管插管可导致相似的血压升高反应,但GSVL经口气管插管所致的HR增快反应却强于GSVL经鼻气管插管.%Objective To compare the cardiovascular responses to orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation with the aid of GlideScope(R) videolaryngoscope (GSVL). Methods Sixty patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ , aged 16 - 50 years, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly allocated equally to the orotraeheal intubation group (OTI group) and the nasotracheal intubation group (NTI group). After the routine anesthesia induction, orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation was respectively performed with the aid of GSVL. Non-invasive blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (postinduction values), during intubation and every minute for 5 minutes after intubation. Maximum values of blood pressure and HR during the observation periods were recorded. The product of HR and systolic blood pressure [rate pressure product (RPP)] at every time point was calculated. Duration for glottis exposure and duration for successful intubation were also noted. Results There were no significant differences between two groups in the demographic data (P＞0.05). Glottis exposure time and intubation time in NTI group were significantly longer than those in OTI group [(52. 2±13.5) seconds vs. (40.5± 15.2) seconds, P＜0.05]. After anesthesia induction,blood pressure and RPP in both groups decreased significantly compared with baseline values, but no significant change in HR was noted. Compared with their postinduction values, the blood pressure and RPP in both groups and HR in OTI group increased significantly at intubation. In OTI group,the maximum values of HR, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), RPP exceeded their baseline values. But in NTI group,only maximal HR during the observation period was significantly higher than the baseline values. The blood pressure at every time point was not significantly different between two groups. But intubation in OTI group caused significant increases in HR and RPP compared with those in NTI group (both P＜0.05). Conclusion In anesthetized adult patients, orotracheal and nasotracheal intubations with the GSVL can result in a similar pressor response, however orotracheal intubation with GSVL causes more marked cardiovascular responses than nasotracheal intubation with the aid of GSVL.