医学生心理健康水平与应对方式及其关系研究

摘要

目的：了解医学生应对方式的特点与心理健康的现状，研究两者的关系，为高校医学生心理卫生工作提供科学依据。方法：抽取洛阳市某高校医学相关专业本科生357例，采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)进行调查并统计分析。结果：32.49%的医学生存在不同程度的心理问题；医学生强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、敌对、偏执5个因子的得分显著高于2008年全国大学生常模(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)；71.71%的医学生主要采用成熟型应对方式，其余常采用不成熟或混合型应对方式；成熟型应对方式解决问题、求助与 SCL-90多个因子均呈显著负相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)，而不成熟型、混合型应对方式(退避、幻想、自责)及混合型应对方式(合理化)与SCL-90各因子均呈非常显著的正相关(P＜0.01)；应对方式中解决问题、自责、幻想这3个变量能联合预测医学生心理健康39%的变异量，其中自责(β=0.57)对心理健康的影响比幻想(β=0.29)、解决问题(β=-0.15)大。结论：医学生存在较多的心理问题，其心理健康状况与应对方式密切相关，需帮助医学生及时认识和矫正其消极应对方式，有针对性地对医学生进行心理健康教育和咨询。%Objective:To understand the characteristics of coping style and mental health status of medical students,to study the relationship between them,and to provide scientific basis for the mental health work of medical students in colleges and universities.Methods:357 cases of medicine related major undergraduates in colleges and universities of Luoyang city were selected.The symptom checklist(SCL-90) and coping style questionnaire(CSQ) were used to investigate and analyze.Results:32.49% medical students had different degrees of psychological problems.The scores of force,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety, hostility,paranoid five factors of medical students were significantly higher than those of the national college students norm in 2008 (P<0.01 or P<0.05).71.71% medical students mainly used the mature coping style,other used immature or mixed type coping style.The problem solving,help of mature coping style had significant negative correlation with SCL-90 multiple factors(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The immature,mixed type coping style(retreat,fantasy,blame) and mixed type coping style(rationalization)had very significant positive correlation with SCL-90 multiple factors(P<0.01).The problem solving,blame,fantasy this three variables in the coping style could be combined to predict 39% mutation value of medical students' mental health, among the impact of the blame(β=0.57) on the mental health was large than that of fantasy(β=0.29),problem solving(β=-0.15).Conclusion:The medical students have many psychological problems,the mental health status and coping style are closely related.It needs to help medical students to timely recognize and correct their negative coping styles,and targeted carry out mental health education and counseling for medical students.