心力衰竭患者植入心脏再同步化治疗除颤器后恰当放电情况以及序贯管理

摘要

Objective: To study the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VT) in heart failure (HF) patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) and identify the influencing factors for VT occurrence, to explore the impact of CRT-D shocks on mortality and the management of appropriate shocks. Methods: A total of 42 patients with successfully implanted CRT-D in our hospital from 2009-01 to 2015-04 were studied. There were 2 groups of patients: Ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=12 including 8 patients for primary prevention and 4 for secondary prevention; Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=30 including 19 patients for primary prevention and 11 for secondary prevention. The patients with appropriate shocks received four step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments, revascularization and radiofrequency ablation (RA). Results: The patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (38.1±24.0) months, 7 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 5 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (27.5±17.8) months, 11 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 10 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The occurrence rates of post-operative VT and CRT-D appropriate shocks were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05; the success rate for ATP treating VT was higher in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group (69% vs 55%),P<0.05. Cox regression analysis indicated that CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent influencing factor for VT occurrence,P=0.001. During follow-up period, 9 patients with shocks died; the mortality in patients with shocks was higher than those without shocks (43% vs 0%),P<0.05. With four step-wise therapy, 80% patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks; with three step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments and RA, 90% patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks, 10% patients had reduced shocks. Conclusion: CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent impact factor for post-operative VT occurrence, no matter appropriate or inappropriate shocks would elevate the risk of death in HF patients. Step-wise therapy was important to reduce appropriate shocks.%目的:了解不同病因心力衰竭患者接受心脏再同步化治疗除颤器(CRT-D)治疗后室性心律失常的发生情况以及CRT-D诊断和治疗情况,分析CRT-D治疗后室性心律失常发生的独立预测因素,明确CRT-D放电对死亡率的影响,探讨CRT-D恰当放电的管理措施及效果.方法:对2009-01至2015-04期间我科成功植入CRT-D的42例患者进行随访,缺血性心肌病组12例,其中埋藏式心脏复律除颤器(ICD)一级预防8例,ICD二级预防4例;非缺血性心肌病组30例,其中ICD一级预防19例,ICD二级预防11例.对恰当放电的患者采用药物调整、器械参数调整、血运重建及射频消融的序贯治疗.结果:缺血性心肌病组平均随访(38.1±24.0)个月,7例患者术后发生室性心律失常,5例患者CRT-D恰当放电.非缺血性心肌病组平均随访(27.5±17.8)个月,11例患者术后发生室性心律失常,10例患者CRT-D恰当放电.两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);缺血性心肌病组患者的数阵抗心动过速起搏(ATP)治疗室性心律失常的成功率高于非缺血性心肌病组(69%vs 55%,P<0.05).COX模型多因素回归分析显示ICD二级预防是术后室性心律失常发生的独立影响因子(P=0.001).随访期间,CRT-D放电患者的死亡率明显高于CRT-D无放电患者(43%vs 0%,P<0.05).经药物调整、器械参数调整、血运重建及射频消融的四步序贯治疗,缺血性心肌病组中80%的恰当放电患者未再放电.经药物调整、器械参数调整及射频消融的三步序贯治疗,非缺血性心肌病组中90%的恰当放电患者未再放电、10%的患者放电减少.结论:ICD二级预防是术后室性心律失常发生的独立影响因子;植入CRT-D的患者,如果出现放电事件,死亡风险会增加;药物调整、器械参数调整以及血运重建、射频消融的序贯治疗对减少CRT-D恰当放电相当重要.