基于五味子甲素与乙素的秦岭地区野生华中五味子的潜在空间分布

摘要

华中五味子(Schisandra sphenanthera)为我国三级保护野生药材物种,在秦岭地区分布较广.采集秦岭地区19个样地307个采样点的华中五味子样本,使用HPLC方法检测果实中五味子甲素和乙素含量,基于模糊数学原理建立其与气候、土壤和地形三大类15个评价因子之间的隶属函数,利用最大信息熵模型确定各评价指标权重,使用加权平均法并参照GIS空间分析确定基于五味子甲素和乙素的秦岭地区野生华中五味子的潜在空间分布.研究结果显示,秦岭地区华中五味子不适宜生境面积占研究区总面积的11.40％;适宜生境面积占50.63％;高适宜生境面积占37.97％,主要集中在陕西南部、甘肃东部、河南西部、湖北神农架林区及其周边海拔800-2000 m的山区.研究结果表明,基于GIS与模糊数学构建的生境适宜性评价模型可以准确地对秦岭地区华中五味子生境适宜性作出科学且综合性评价,并可量化适宜生境面积和空间分布,为华中五味子野生抚育GAP基地选址和建设提供数据支撑,为保护和可持续利用华中五味子野生资源提供参考.%Schisandra sphenanthera is the third-class conservation of wild medicinal species.It is widely distributed in Qinling Mountains.We collected S.sphenanthera samples at 307 sampling points in 19 sampling sites and extracted deoxyschizandrin and y-schizandrin by high-performance liquid chromatography.We used "fuzzy theory" to determine the association of deoxyschizandrin and y-schizandrin content and 15 assessment factors,including climate,soil and topographic factors.Then we used the maximum entropy model to determine the weight of each factor.Finally,we estimated the spatial distribution of S.sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains by the weighted average method and GIS spatial analysis.The proportion of unsuitable,suitable and high-suitable habitat for S.sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains was 11.40％,50.63％,and 37.97％,respectively.The high-suitable habitat are mainly located in southern Shaanxi,eastern Gansu,western Henan,Shennongjia in Hubei,and the surrounding area,with elevation 800 to 2 000 m.This habitat-suitability assessment model based on GIS and fuzzy logic could be used to accurately determine the habitat suitability of S.sphenanthera,quantify the area of suitable habitat and analyze the spatial distribution.This information would supply scientific evidence for the choice of GAP and construction and advice for protection and sustainable utilization of resources.