花样滑冰运动员的生理机能与心理训练特点

摘要

Figure skating is an aperiodic technical event which is combined with skating technology and art of ice,which is both technical and artistical. Because of the particularity of the project,the diversity and complexity of actions,therefore,it requires comprehensive development of the athletes' physical quality. The physiological characteristics of figure skater refer to the physiological particularity after special figure skating training. Whether technical psychology or physiology should be paid enough attention. Study on the physiological characteristics of figure skaters,summarize the particularity of balance,the inspiration of comprehensive analyzing ability of the central nervous system,the stability of vestibular organ,the sensitivity of sensory organs and other physiological characteristics. Some problems should be paid attention in psychological training like the advanced scienticic and technical standard is the precondition of establishing technical psychological stability,training methods and teaching methods influence on the stability of the technical psychology,as well as idea training applied in technical training.%花样滑冰是滑冰技术和冰上艺术相组合的非周期的技巧性运动项目，它既有技术的一面，又有艺术的一面。由于项目的特殊性、动作的多样性和复杂性，因此要求运动员的身体素质要全面发展。花样滑冰运动员的生理特点是指经过花样滑冰专项训练生理上所表现出的特殊性。心理训练则是花样滑冰系统训练的组成部分，是不可或缺的训练内容之一，无论是技术心理还是比赛心理，都要给予足够的重视。对花样滑冰运动员的生理特点进行研究，总结出对平衡要求的特殊性、中枢神经系统的综合分析能力的灵感性、前庭器的稳定性、感官器官的敏感性等生理特点；提出先进的科学技术标准是建立技术心理稳定的前提、训练方法和教法对技术心理稳定性的影响、意念训练在技术训练的应用等心理训练应注意的问题。