用于油水分离的超疏水氧化锌海绵的制备及其性能

摘要

Recently,there still have some problems for the oil-water separation materials,such as high cost,complicated preparation process and poor performance of oil-water separation materials,which seriously limit their applications,To solve these problems,commercial polyurethane sponge was modified via simple solvothermal method and chemical vapor deposition method.Then a thick superhydrophobic ZnO micro-particles coating was prepared onto the surface of the polyurethane sponge.The results show that the as-prepared sponge possesses excellent superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity.The resulted sponge exhibites high water contact angle of 160° and the oil droplet is adsorbed within two seconds.Moreover,the resulted sponge has high oil-absorption capacity for various oils,and shows oil-adsorption capacities up to 25 times of its own weight.The FTIR analysis ofoil collected from oil water separation shows that the prepared oil-water separation material has excellent oil-water separation performance.Due to its good adhesion between the coating and sponge,the as-prepared sponge shows high durability and the materials still maintain excellent superhydrophobicity after ultrasonication in acetone for 9 h.Additionally,the superhydrophobic sponges can resist acid and alkali attacks,and have good reusability.The materials still have excellent superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity after the repeated absorptiondesorption processes for 200 cycles.%针对目前油水分离材料制备工艺复杂、成本较高或性能较差的问题,利用简单的溶剂热法将纳米氧化锌涂覆在商用聚氨酯海绵的表面,随后用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷进行改性,成功制备了具有优异的油水分离特性的超疏水超亲油聚氨酯海绵.结果表明,该油水分离材料与水的接触角可高达160°,而油滴可在2s内被完全吸收,且对各类油品都具有较高的吸油能力,均可达自身重量25倍左右.通过对油水分离后收集的油分进行FTIR检测分析发现所制备的油水分离材料具有优异的油水分离性能.制备的油水分离材料的涂层与海绵之间具有较强的粘附力,在丙酮溶液中超声振荡9h之后仍保持良好的超疏水特性.另外,制备的超疏水超亲油聚氨酯海绵具备较好的耐酸碱腐蚀性能和重复利用性能,在重复吸油-脱油过程200次以后仍能保持超疏水超亲油特性.