主要探讨棕色脂肪组织和米色脂肪细胞对机体能量代谢的调控作用，以及运动对白色脂肪组织棕色化的调控作用及其潜在的分子机制。最近的研究证实，成年人体内也存在具有生理功能的棕色脂肪组织。与白色脂肪组织不同的是，棕色脂肪组织具有产生和释放热量的功能。白色脂肪组织在特定的情况下（如运动和冷环境暴露）出现可诱导的棕色脂肪细胞（即米色脂肪细胞）的过程被称为脂肪组织棕色化。米色脂肪细胞的诱导作为治疗肥胖及相关疾病的潜能受到了广泛关注。动物研究显示，运动可诱导棕色脂肪特异性基因的表达，启动白色脂肪组织棕色化的过程。这些米色脂肪细胞的分化来源并未被完全阐明。目前，仅有两项研究探讨了运动训练对人体脂肪组织棕色化的调控作用，且结果并不一致。今后的研究应该进一步验证和探讨不同运动方案对人体脂肪组织棕色化的影响及其生理学意义和机制。%This article reviewed the influences of brown adipose tissue and beige adipocytes on energy metabolism ,and also summarized the effects of exercise on adipose tissue browning and underlying molecular mechanisms .Recent studies have shown that functional brown adipose tis-sue exists in adults .Unlike white adipose tissue ,brown adipose tissue has the capability of dis-sipating chemical energy .Some conditions ,such as exercise and cold exposure ,can result in the development of inducible brown adipocytes (named beige adipocytes ) in white adipose tissue , which was named as brown tissue browning .Activation of beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue may provide a promising therapeutic target for obesity and associated diseases ,which has drawn extensive attention from researchers .Animal studies have shown that exercise can in-crease gene expressions of the brown adipocyte-specific genes in white adipose tissue ,thereby inducing white adipose tissue browning .However ,the origin of the beige adipocytes remains unclear .To date ,only two studies examined the effects of exercise on white adipose tissue browning in humans ;however ,the findings were not consistent .More studies in humans are needed to clarify the potential effects of various types of exercise on white adipose tissue browning and elucidate the physiological implications and underlying mechanisms .
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