对我国部分优秀男子跳高运动员起跳技术的运动学分析

摘要

通过三维摄影，对我国部分男子跳高运动员的起跳技术进行了分析。结果表明，我国运动员与世界优秀运动员在起跳技术方面存在着较大的差异，主要表现为前者在助跑与起跳衔接阶段的质心水平速度较低，倒1步身体内倾角度变化呈大—小趋势；在起跳阶段，起跳腿着地时的质心水平速度低，身体质心垂直加速距离较短以及起跳腿缓冲蹬伸时间比例不完全符合力学原理等。另外，我国运动员在起跳过程中普遍存在着起跳腿蹬伸不充分以及摆动腿摆速和摆幅偏小的问题。%Through three-dimensional photographing, this paper makes an analysis on the take-off technique of some excellent male high jumpers. The result shows that there are significant differences in take-off technique between Chinese male high jumper and foreign one. The Chinese jumpers have a lower horizontal velocity in the last two steps and the fall in angle of their body range from big to small. During the take-off, with the take-off leg touching the ground, they have a lower horizontal velocity and a shorter distance of vertical acceleration. The proportion of the buffer time to the stretch time of the take-off leg does not fully suit the laws of biomechanics. In addition, It is a common problem for our jumpers that the take-off leg does not stretch fully and swing leg has a lower swing speed and smaller amplitude.