8周中等强度足球运动游戏对学龄前儿童执行功能发展的影响

摘要

Objective :To investigate the effect of soccer exercise on executive function and its sub components on preschool children aged 5~6 .Methods :61 children selected as subjects of this study ,were randomly divided into control group and experimental group .Experimental group performed soccer exercise with moderate intensity ,35 minutes each time ,two times a week for 8 weeks ,exercise was controlled for heart rate (HR) .Physical fitness and executive function were measured before and after the experiment .Executive function test included inhib‐itory control (Panda‐Lion task and Snow‐Grass task ) ,working memory (The Corsi Blocks Test and The reverse Corsi Blocks Test ) and cognitive flexibility (Flexible Item Selection Task) .Results :Scores of executive function and inhibitory control in the experimental group are significantly higher than that of control group (P<0 .05) ,and no difference in other inde‐xes .Time and group have significant interaction on scores of executive function and inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility .Conclusion :8‐week soccer exercise can improve the children's executive function ,especially inhibitory control .%目的：探讨足球运动游戏对5～6岁学龄前儿童执行功能及3个维度发展的影响。方法：选取学龄前儿童61人作为被试，随机分为对照组30人和实验组31人，实验组进行中等强度足球运动游戏，每次35 min ，每周2次，共8周，通过心率控制运动强度。实验前、后测定身体素质和执行功能，执行功能测查包括抑制控制（熊猫‐狮子任务和雪地‐绿草任务）、工作记忆（科斯积木和反科斯积木任务）和认知灵活性（项目灵活选择任务）。结果：实验组儿童执行功能总分和抑制控制得分显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），而其余指标无显著性差异。时间和组别在执行功能总分及抑制控制和认知灵活性上有显著的交互作用。结论：8周足球运动游戏促进了学龄前儿童执行功能发展，提高抑制控制能力。