新农合对农村老年人劳动供给行为影响的实证研究

摘要

Health insurance affects labor supply of the elder through reducing income fluctuation ( security effect ) and improving health ( health effect) , and these two effects have exactly opposite impact. However, the empirical investigation of insurance on labor supply remains little explored. In this paper, we employed the CHNS 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011 survey data to study the effect of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme on labor supply of the elder in rural China. The results show that the New Cooperative Medical Scheme tends to significantly improve non-agriculture labor participation of rural elder, as well as improving their agriculture labor participation, which attributes to health effect. But the scheme reduces non-agriculture labor time at the mean time, which suggests a greater security effect. Specially, the scheme significantly boosts agriculture labor time of those whose yearly agriculture labor time is less than 672 hours. In addition, our research shows the effect on agriculture labor participation is more significantly among the male than the female.%健康保险通过保障效应和健康效应影响劳动供给，而二者对劳动供给的影响恰好相反，因此健康保险对劳动供给的具体影响仍旧是一个值得探讨的问题。本文采用CHNS的2004、2006、2009和2011年四期数据研究发现，新农合显著提高农村老年人的非农劳动供给率和农业劳动供给率，表现为健康效应；但减少了非农劳动时间，表现为保障效应。新农合提高了参合老年人的农业劳动供给时间，该结果在全年农业劳动供给时间小于672小时的个体中特别显著，在该群体中表现为健康效应。此外研究发现，新农合对男性老年人农业劳动供给率的影响比对女性老年人的影响更加显著。