Many studies have focused on the sources and sustainability of China’ s economic growth with the method of total factor productivity (TFP). But these studies have ignored resources and environment which play an important role in economic development. As global energy consumption and environmental pollution become increasingly serious, some scholars have taken factors of energy and environment into TFP’s calculation in recent years. These studies widely used traditional directional distance function and assumed that decision making units had the same technical level. The disadvantage of this method is that technical efficiency was evaluated without multi-angle and environmental TFP was calculated with the same technical level of regions. Failed to measure capital investment accurately was another problem of the existing researches. Given these problems, this paper attemped to estimate Chinese capital service with perpetual inventory method and age-efficiency patterns firstly. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from the year 1992 to 2012, SBM directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index under meta-frontier were applied in this paper to measure environmental efficiency and environmental TFP under the constraint of resource and environment. The results show that China’ s environmental inefficiency was mainly due to both environmental pollution and energy consumption. The regional environmental efficiency presented obvious stepped distribution from east to west. Improper use of capital including equipment, tools and instruments was the main reason of capital inefficiency. It is also found that technological advance contributed mostly to the environmental TFP growth of north coast, east coast and south coast. The environmental TFP growth of the middle Yellow River, reaches of Yangtze River, northeast, southwest and northwest districts mainly depended on technical efficiency’ s improvement. But the pure technology catch-up and potential technology relative change of these districts are continuously close to developed regions’ level. In order to realize China’ s economic sustainable development, environmental protection, energy conservation and emissions reduction, technological innovation should be given attention.%诸多研究尝试用全要素生产率( TFP )的方法分析中国经济增长来源，以此判断中国现有经济增长模式的可持续性，却忽略了与经济发展息息相关的资源、环境因素。随着全球能源消耗和环境污染问题的日益突出，近年来已有学者尝试将二者纳入TFP测算框架，但大多基于传统的方向性距离函数并建立在决策单元具有相同技术水平的假设条件下进行测度，从而不能从多角度对技术效率做出客观准确的评价，也无法测算投入或产出存在非零松弛时带来的影响，并忽略了区域技术水平的现实差异性。除此之外，未能准确测量资本投入是现有文献存在的另一普遍问题，以资本存量作为其替代度量会带来一定计算误差。鉴于此，本文首先利用永续盘存法、年龄—效率函数测算中国三种类型资本服务，再运用SBM方向性距离函数和共同边界ML生产率指数，在非径向、非角度和存在多群体效率的基础上，基于能源消耗和环境污染双重约束，测度1992-2012年间中国省际环境效率、环境TFP的动态演变趋势及其分解。结果表明：中国环境无效率主要来源于环境污染和能源消耗，区域环境效率从东向西呈现明显的阶梯式分布；设备、工具、器具购置类资本使用不当是资本无效率的主因；此外，技术进步是推动北部沿海、东部沿海及南部沿海地区环境TFP增长的主要动力，而黄河中游、长江中游、东北、西南和大西北地区主要依靠技术效率改善，并在纯技术赶超和潜在技术相对变动方面对发达区域呈追赶趋势。因此，为实现中国经济的可持续发展，必须从环境保护、节能减排、技术创新三方面着手。
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