CMSs对新型聚丙烯膨胀阻燃体系性能的影响

摘要

为了进一步提高聚丙烯(PP)膨胀阻燃体系的阻燃性能,将碳微球(CMSs)添加至膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯(壳聚糖/聚磷酸铵/聚丙烯(CS/APP/PP))体系中,经熔融共混的方法制备出CMSs/CS/APP/PP复合材料.采用数显氧指数仪(OI)、锥形量热仪(CONE)、电子万能试验机(EUT)等仪器对复合材料进行了测试,同时考察了CMSs对聚丙烯膨胀阻燃体系(CS/APP/PP)阻燃性能的影响.结果表明,CMSs的加入可提高材料的阻燃性;在CMSs添加量为3％时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到31.5％,较CS/APP/PP体系提高了18.9％;热释放速率峰值(PHRR)、平均热释放速率(MHRR)、平均有效燃烧热(MEHC)、总热释放量(THR)均明显降低,成炭率显著提高,炭层更加致密,火灾性能指数(FPI)达到最大,为0.089 3 m2·s/kW,较CS/APP/PP体系提高了1倍多,材料的阻燃性大幅度提升.同时CMSs的加入显著提高了复合材料的抑烟性,使复合材料的总烟释放量(TSR)、CO和CO2的排放均明显降低;且复合材料的火灾蔓延指数(FGI)显著减小,为1.16 kW/(m2·s),较CS/APP/PP体系降低了29.9％,火灾危险性明显降低.%In order to further improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) intumescent flame retardant system,carbon microspheres (CMSs) were added to intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system-chitosan/ammonium polyphosphate/PP (CS/APP/PP).Then the CMSs/CS/APP/PP composites were prepared by melt blending.And they were tested by means of limit oxygen index instrument,cone calorimeter,electronic universal tester and other instruments,and the effects of CMSs on the intumescent flame retardant system (CS/APP/PP) was investigated.The results show that the addition of CMSs can improve the flame retardancy of the CS/APP/PP composites.When the dosage of CMSs is 3％,the limiting oxygen index value of the composites reaches 31.5％,which is 18.9％ higher than that of CS/APP/PP;the peak heat release rate,the mean heat release rate,the mean effective heat of combustion heat and the total heat release are significantly decreased.The carbon formation rate is significantly improved,while the carbon layer is more compact,and the fire performance index reaches the maximum value of 0.089 3 m2 · s/kW,more than twice that of CS/APP/PP,and the flame retardancy of the material is greatly improved.At the same time,the addition of CMSs significantly improves the smoke suppressant property of composite materials,which makes the total smoke release,CO and CO2 emissions of the composites are significantly decreased;and the fire growth index of the composites is decreased significantly,which is 1.16 kW/(m2 · s) that is lower than CS/APP/PP by 29.9％,and the danger of fire is reduced simultaneously.