RNAi技术在农业害虫防治中的应用研究进展

摘要

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon of mRNA degradation induced by in vitro or in vivo dsRNA, which results in specifically silencing of gene expression. RNAi technology have been widely used in entomology, such as functional gene research, expression regulation and signaling pathway of gene, conservation of beneficial insects and development of new pesticides and insect pest control. This article summarized principle of RNAi techniques that used in insect pest management, such as gene silencing induced by small RNA including miRNA, siRNA, piRNA etc. The factors that influencing its controlling effectiveness consisted of intake methods, doses and the selection of target gene were analyzed here. This study aimed at further discussing mechanism and existing problems of RNAi that applied in insect pest control, and provided new insights in insect pest management through RNAi.%RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是指由内源或外源的双链RNA (double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)引发的mRNA降解,导致特异性阻碍靶标基因表达的现象,在昆虫学研究领域中得到广泛应用.如功能基因研究、基因表达调控及信号传导通路、益虫保护、新型农药的开发、害虫防治等.本文总结了RNAi技术应用于害虫防治上的原理,即以miRNA、siRNA及piRNA等小分子RNA介导的基因沉默过程,分析了影响RNAi技术防治效率的因素,如dsRNA导入方式、导入剂量和靶标基因的选择等,旨在进一步探讨RNAi应用于害虫防治的机理和存在问题,为运用RNAi技术防治害虫新思路奠定基础.