我院136例难治性肺部感染患者支气管肺泡灌洗液病原菌分布及耐药性分析

摘要

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance situation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with refractory pulmonary infection,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:The sputum and BALF specimen of 136 inpatients with refractory pulmonary infection from the First People’s Hospital of Zhenjiang City from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 were cultured and identified,pathogen detection was compared,and results of drug sensitivity test for pathogen in BALF specimen was analyzed. RESULTS:The positive rates of sputum and BALF specimen of 136 inpatients were 22.06%and 47.79%,with statistical significance(P<0.01);a total of 32 and 72 strains were isolated,they mainly were Ste-notrophomonas maltophilia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. S. maltophilia in BALF was sensitive to minocycline and levofloxacin;resistance rate of P. aeruginosa to common antibiotics was lower than 50%;A. baumannii was sensitive to imipenem,ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium,amikacin and minocycline;S. aureus was sen-sitive to linezolid,chloramphenicol and vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS:The positive rate of BALF specimen is higher than spu-tum,the pathogens are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Clinic should rationally select antibiotics based on the drug sensitivity test and clinical symptoms.%目的：了解肺部感染患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）标本中病原菌分布及耐药情况，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：对2012年1月－2015年12月镇江市第一人民医院136例难治性肺部感染住院患者的痰液及BALF标本进行病原菌培养和鉴定，比较两种标本病原菌的检出情况，并对BALF标本中病原菌的药敏试验结果进行分析。结果：136例患者痰液和BALF标本的阳性率分别为22.06％和47.79％，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；痰液和BALF标本中各检出病原菌32株和72株，均以嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主。BALF标本中的嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对米诺环素和左氧氟沙星敏感；铜绿假单胞菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药率＜50％；鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南、氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠、阿米卡星和米诺环素敏感；金黄色葡萄球菌对利奈唑胺、氯霉素和万古霉素敏感。结论：BALF标本的阳性率高于痰液标本，检出的病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主；临床应根据药敏试验结果和患者临床症状合理选择抗菌药物。